Database security in the cloud Essay Example for Free

Database security in the smear EssayThis chapter is mainly concerned with providing the look for methods and the tools that were ingestiond to get the views of the respondents. They contribute a lot in the conclusion of the research. The methods that were employed in this research include sampling, questionnaires, and online surveys. With Web 2. 0 being in full force today, there are more avenues that have made it possible to get views from clients. These avenues include web forums, blogs, and review sites like ZDNet, and ZNet sites. This was a hot method that was of paramount importance in this research.Use of interview This method was in addition a vital component of my research as its combination with former(a) methods like observations and other statistical techniques yields optimum results. I ensured that I maintained the balance of emphasis which kept on shifting with the frame of reference and objectives of this study. Interviews withal proved graduate(prenominal)l y flexible especially given the fact that I handled it with care and achieved a considerably liberal atmosphere since questions that were not easily grasped by interviewees were rephrased and/or repeated emphatically and explanations given where it proved necessary.The use of interviews helped me in the study of human behaviour during the process and helped me to secure very intimate and personalised knowledge about my study. However, they had the following limitations the use this tool proved to be time consuming as I had to conduct personal visits to the sample population severally due to some absentee interviewees which forced me to conduct several revisits and some appointments that I made sure to catch up to the required information (McEvoy, Schulze, 2008).Records and documentations also helped me in analyzing the legal basis of businesses, their past, current and projected status as regards capital input and output enabling me to deduce the history of ideas, prime philosoph ies and scientific thoughts that come with the projections (McEvoy, Schulze, 2008). Journals were also useful in my research as I got relevant information and used it for my analysis and compilations. Expressive Documents including personal letters liveness or case histories in the form of diaries and accounts of small-group processes which created a solid background for sourcing information in this research.4. 1. 2 Use of questionnaires I employed the use of close-ended questions where I provided the respondents with a variety of choices to pick from that reflected the trends and use of Information Technology and also open ended questions in which I gave the respondents room to formulate their own answers to my questions. Although its use proved to be cost effective, thriving to analyze, familiar to most of the respondents and reduced biasness, their use has shown that they have low response rates which is a real agony to statistical analysis and can reduce the reliability of t he results (Jha, Merzky, Fox, 2008).But I ensured a well designated study approach to the use of questionnaires to produce consistent and high response rates. 4. 1. 3 Online surveys/use of the lucre The Internet proved very interactive in providing me with relevant information besides being affordable to administer, easy to modify and gave instant results for the study. The tool also had an advantage of making it easy to automate data creation, manipulation and reporting and made it user friendly.Although the use of the internet was efficient, it still had weakness of difficulty in determining and controlling selection probabilities, which is a hindrance to quantitative analysis of data collected (McEvoy, Schulze, 2008). 4. 2 Procedures The results were from 5 companies which have widely dealt with deprave computing and are concerned with the security of the databases stored in the defiles. These companies have their representatives and program officers who were very helpful in this research. This is because they are the conduct in the development and development of cloud computing.Data was collected using SPSS program. The views from the employees of these companies were captured in a questionnaire which was sent online. They were asked how they perceive their achievement of the database security in cloud computing. They were then asked of their personal feel of the extent to which the war against attacks in the cloud has been achieved. In part 1, the respondents were told to give the things they feel are important when one is implementing cloud computing. They were told to give the issues they feel were paramount in implementing security in cloud computing environments.Participants were then asked a series of questions related to database security in cloud computing the type of cloud computing they wish to implement (attribute vs. consensus), the type of information source (personal vs. impersonal), type of heuristics (independent self-related vs. inte rdependent self-related), decision speed, consideration set, point of intersection involvement, and product knowledge. In part 2, participants were asked a series of individual differences in their technologies they wished to b implemented.In part 3, participants were presented with demographic questions such as age, gender, nationality, race/ethnicity, and cultural identity. once a participant finished the questionnaire, he/she was thanked and dismissed. McEvoy, G. , Schulze, B. (2008). Using clouds to address grid limitations. In Workshop on Middleware for Grid Computing (article 11). Retrieved May 19, 2010, from ACM Digital library database. Jha, S. , Merzky, A. , Fox, G. (2008). Cloud computing and grid abstraction. Retrieved on May 17, 2010, from Open Grid Forum Web site http//ogf. org/OGF_Special_Issue/cloud-grid-saga. pdf

A Character Study Of Patrick Bateman Essay Example for Free

A Character Study Of Patrick Bateman EssayThis character study focuses on is Patrick Bateman, the anti-hero protagonist of American Psycho, an often misunderstood satire of the upper class American lifestyle by Bret Easton Ellis. The sustain is set in New York in the 1980s, and let the ratifier see through the eyes of the protagonist himself by using first narrative. Therefore when reading the novel it feels as if one is reading a diary, although at that place atomic number 18 no exigent time intervals between each chapter. The storyline is very simple. The novel depicts the everyday life of Patrick Bateman with every minute detail.We are congeal right into a typical scene of Batemans life straightaway at the start when we see him and his friends at a posh dinner party. Immediately we hurt the idea that he is very rich and lives his life in style. The foods at the dinner party are exotic and Bateman couldnt help keep showing shoot his platinum American Express Card. Like his friends, he loves to mock homeless people and those less fortunate than him. One of his favourite tricks is to pretend handing a clam note to a beggar and then taking it away in the last second whilst taking pleasure from the disappoint custodyt of his victim.He also possesses roughly good qualities. For example, he is extremely intelligent and shows disgust in discrimination of any kind, provided that those people are on the same level as him. He even ridiculed a colleague for his anti-semitic comments. However these good qualities are actually a fai ade, hiding his true personality. Contrary to what appears, he is strongly homophobic, racist, anti-Semitic and unfair to women. This can be demonstrated by his opinion of rap music, describing it as too niggerish. His views on women were they are only there to help men carry on the human race.Patrick Bateman is also very health conscious. Except for an occasional cigar, he does not smoke and loathes others who do. He also impos es a strict healthy foods regime on himself. His regime is somewhat similar to a vegans. He eats mostly fruit and almost never meat, with a circumscribed emphasis on exotic foods. His favourites include kiwi fruit paste and Japanese apple-pears, costing him an inordinate amount for each. To complement his dietary regime, Bateman frequently utilizes his exclusive, reclusive health centre named Xclusive.Furthermore, he uses a wide range of health care products and medicines. These are actually Ellis exaggeration of what happens in real life, where the social elites desperately try and keep themselves healthy, with any means possible. During the day Bateman can be seen as a normal upper class person, exclusively during the night things are completely different. When asked slightly what he does during the night, he replies I have to return some video tapes. This has execute the euphemism of his night-time activities. At night, he indulges himself in murdering innocents and raping unfortunate individuals.sometimes the shock of doing these things gets to him, and he starts to have panic attacks. Its during these panic attacks we see really how weak he is. He often confesses his crimes to total strangers. However they always rebuff him and think its a joke. This, combined with how characters in the book often mistakes one person for another, is Ellis way of representing how in the modern world we dont really care about who we are talking to. One thing that cannot be ignored about the novel is how explicit it is.Rapes, murders and grotesque actions are described with nothing left out. For example, in one of the scenes Patrick Bateman drinks his own urine and in another scene, he cuts out the eyes of a homeless person. To give you an idea of what the language is like, heres an option from the book I push the serrated blade into its a dogs stomach and quickly slice open its hairless belly in a squirt of brown blood, its legs impel and clawing at me, then blue a nd red intestines bulge out and I drop the dog onto the sidewalk.He the owner just stare in horror dictum oh my god oh my god as the sharpei drags itself around in a circle, its tail wagging, squealing, and it starts licking and sniffing the pile of its own intestines, spilled out in a mound on the sidewalk, some still connected to its stomach. From this you can see how graphical the book is. Unfortunately this is only a small piece of the whole story and this extract is the most weak in terms of disgust in the book. This simply enforces the idea of how demented and psychotic Patrick Bateman is.The irony of the novel is that Bateman does completely opposite things whilst take a firm stand what he does is always right. For example, he often mocks his colleagues for making discriminatory comments, but he is secretly just as discriminatory. While he outlandishly keeps himself sum up and healthy, he abuses cocaine and anti-depressants. This is the core of Ellis satire, where he make s fun of the upper class, which insists on their perfection but actually is ignorant on how imperfect they are. Also in the novel Bateman dedicates a single chapter plus many parts of other chapters detailing his material wealth.Also he tirelessly compares his belongings to those of someone else. and so in one scene he discovered that another persons business card was of a better quality and design than his and thus started to have enthusiastic jealousy for that person. This can be interpreted as Ellis satire directed at the greed of humans and our desperate struggle to have the best of everything. afterwards he commits his final murder, Bateman does not feel good and high as he described it. Instead, he feels nothing. Not even killing can revenge him now.It is astounding how he was never suspected of any of the numerous murders he committed. At the end we discover that he may have imagined all his acts of atrocity. This cut into ambiguity is the only mercy Ellis has for this t ruly evil character. Despite this, I pity Patrick Bateman, for he tried to find pleasure, like we all do but in other ways, and failing to do so. In the end, he is left hollow with no emotion left whatsoever. Its pitiful how one can become mentally deranged on ones quest for personal gain.

Influence of Diaspora on Bosnia and Hercegovina

Influence of Diaspora on Bosnia and HercegovinaIn order for us to infrastand and clear up on the concept of diaspora, primaryly we need to define it. The term diaspora is assigned to groups of people with an ethnic belonging which were forced to leave their original and traditional lieu coarse under certain pressures. The people that remaining their home towns subsequently settled down all around the world in smaller geographical aras. In an attempt to define diaspora, William Safran gives 6 main characteristics of this phenomenon 1) they, or their ancestors, create been dispersed from a specific original centre to two or much peripheral, or foreign, regions 2) they retain a collective memory, vision, or myth about their original homelandits physical location, history, and achievements 3) they believe that they are notand perhaps cannot be fully recognized by their host society and therefore feel partly alienated and insulated from it 4) they regard their ancestral home land as their true, ideal home and as the go forth to which they or their descendants would (or should) eventually return when conditions are appropriate 5) they believe that they should, collectively be committed to the maintenance or restoration of their original homeland and to its safety and prosperity and 6) they continue to relate, personally or vicariously, to that homeland in one way or another(prenominal), and their ethno communal consciousness and solidarity are importantly delimit by the existence of such a relationshipThe status of diaspora can also be related with a minority, for example a religious minority. In later years, scholars made differences between the types of diaspora and they vary from causes such as trade or labour migrations, imperialism, politics and economy. In this essay, I will focus only on the political, economic and social ties that Bosnian diaspora has on its country and the contribution that it receives.The number of Bosnians that stand up o utside of the country is estimated to be 38 percent of the whole Bosnian population or in other words, 1.4 million Bosnians. The number one reason of the fled of population is the tragic war that occurred in these areas. Around 800000 people left the country in just two years, from 1993-1994. (Kupiszewski 2009 437). Even after the Dayton Peace Agreement was signed in 1995, migration of people out of the country continued. There is a considerable number and maybe even a majority of teenaged diaspora that is very talented and educated. One of the speculations about this trend of outward migration is closely linked to the unstable economy and political growth. Although the socio-economic situation is improving and becoming closer to the European countries, it still faces umteen problems and one of them is the lack of job opportunities. In 2010 Bosnian and Hercegovina had an unemployment rate of 27, 2% according to the Agency for Statistics. This rate was the largest amongst people w ho were between the age of 15-24, it was at a rate of 57, 5%. These tragic statistics force young generations out of the country in search for a job and better economic opportunities. The average amount of money that comes into Bosnia from the diaspora in one year is estimated to be around 3.1 billion Convertible Marks. The remittances from diaspora are 6 times larger than foreign direct investments and 3 times larger than the help that the international community of interests gives to Bosnia and Hercegovina. When talking in economic and business terms, there has been a conclusion that people in Bosnia that receive help from diaspora are more likely to render and start a business of their own than the people living in the rural parts of the country receiving no help from anybody on the outside. Therefore, remittances surely have a positive effect on employment in this case. As it is visible, a lot of households depend on diaspora for their survival. One of the strategic documents t hat have been enforced is the strategy of development of science in Bosnia and Hercegovina 2010-2015. This strategy suggests that a big number of diaspora is willing to engage in the fields of scientific research. Two activities under this strategy were more visible than others where one of them is the creation of laws that allow unbothered transfer of knowledge and technologies and the engagement of foreign scientists in domestic scientific research, as headspring as engaging Bosnian researchers that live outside of the country. The second activity is related to enabling institutions in BiH that scientists from the Diaspora awarded the status of an associate scientific advisor .There exists another strategy that deals with development in Bosnia and Hercegovina and under its principles there is a suggestion of creating favourable conditions for attracting investments, savings and remittance measures from diaspora. In order for our country to prosper, a great deal of help is needed from our diaspora. The option of using diaspora and potential diaspora can be a strong force in economic development and in the creation of new jobs, entrepreneurship opportunities, new technologies, sciences and in the development of the whole society in general. A big lineament in the creation and implementation of policies in the field of migration play government institutions. They deal with some of the questions that diaspora poses both at the level of entities and Brcko Distrikt. The Ministry for Human Rights and Refugees, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Hercegovina has the direct jurisdiction when it comes to diaspora. These ministries deal with the issues of defend human rights and the rights of the refugees both in their home country and in the host country as well as questions that are closely related to migration. The firmament for migration has the key role of appointing and determining the politics and its translation towards diaspora. In this sect or there are only 10 people who deal with a replete(p) spectre of questions dealing with how to make cooperation with diaspora organizations contingent. They coordinate activities in the field of agriculture, culture, sports, science and educational cooperation. These organizations also give information and possibility of expert help to the diaspora in realizing their abilities in protecting their rights in Bosnia and Hercegovina. Organizations offer and give professional help to many incentives and they are familiar with European policies in the fields of migration and they have a clearer picture of its activities. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has greater power towards the diaspora whose job is also to encourage, develop and coordinate cooperation with diaspora from BiH. Other ministries and government organizations need to work together in realizing strategies for the further development of cooperation between host countries and with the home countries of the diaspora. It is necessary to strengthen actions in the fields of common interest. Besides governmental organizations, there are many non-governmental organizations which act together in conducting and creating politics in the spheres of migration. These organizations are more focused on the sustainable return and the protection of refugees as well as illegal migrations, trafficking of people, the questions of asylum, and dealing with the issues of borders. The main focus here is therefore the politics of migration and its development. The cooperation between the Sector for Diaspora works well with non-governmental sectors and international organizations which will in the future day result in a larger amount of programs that will contribute to the promotion and development of migration politics. Under the Ministry of Human Right an analysis has been done to fall upon positive and negative factors that affect the possibilities of BH diaspora in participating in the development of their country. The re are many factors that are involved here, both external and interior factors. Some of the strengths are highly professional, motivated staff, a well-defined internal structure of sectors, good knowledge about European and world politics in the spheres of migration and development, and professional guiding of the sectors as well as a clear vision of functioning. The possibilities here are to create heterogeneity of diaspora with the levels of qualification which make possible the creation of a wide spectre of incentives. There is also the possibility of the return of qualified people, and the interest of diaspora to help in the development of their home country is existent. Another factor that contributes to the development is a good cooperation between international organizations in BiH that deal with migration. The weakness of Bosnian diaspora in helping its country are a small number of staff in the sector, the absence of strategical documentation that would define the priority fields of action towards diaspora, stressing its potential of development. The threats that are stage are the divisions of diaspora according to national and ethnic belonging. Also, there is not enough cognisantness of the potential that diaspora can bring to their home lands in terms of development. A lot of Bosnian population started feeling this sentiment towards their home lands and wish to return. Within them resides a nostalgic feeling. It is a fact that it is more difficult to live with other foreign nationalities and to be part of a culture that you do not belong to, therefore, people that left Bosnia and Hercegovina wish to return to their home cities and be surrounded by friends and family, be a part of their own culture and speak their own language. The only obstacle here is the under-development of BiH and people are aware of that. They do not want to return to a land where they have opportunities to prosper and grow. In order for this to change, internal changes need to be made first starting from the political issues facing this country and then moving on to its economy.Finally to conclude, we can surely say that Bosnian diaspora plays a big role in helping Bosnia and Hercegovina growth, both economically and politically. Diaspora opens a new window of opportunity for businesses to grow and for research sectors to prosper with highly educated intellectuals and individuals. The remittances from diaspora cannot be compared with other investments coming from certain organizations and institutions. Because many households depend on this help from outside, relations between host countries and home lands need to be fostered.ReferencesAnon, (2014).(Blog)Available at http//amardeepnotes.blogspot.com/2010/06/william-safran-on-diasporas.html (Accessed 15 May. 2014)Cigler, B. (2013) Dijaspora-posve neiskoristena sansa. (online) Al Jazeera Balkans. Available at http//balkans.aljazeera.net/vijesti/dijaspora-posve-neiskoristena-sansa (Accessed 15 May. 2014) Mhrr.gov.ba.(2014).(online)Available at http//www.mhrr.gov.ba/iseljenistvo/istrazivanja/default.aspx?id=1810langTag=bs-BA (Accessed 15 May. 2014)Perco, A. (2014) Pomoc dijaspore kao razvojna sansa BiH(online) Novovrijeme.ba Available at http//novovrijeme.ba/pomoc-dijaspore-kao-razvojna-sansa-bih/ (Accessed 15 May. 2014)Valenta, M and Ramet, S. (2011). The Bosnian Diaspora. 1st ed. Farnham, Surrey, England Ashgate

Density and Salinity of Seawater †Comparison of Methods

Density and Salinity of saltwater Comparison of Methods Sergian Murtanu, Lab partner Sammy ChaabanAbstract The goal of this experiment was to compare the table salt of brine from different orders. The average coarseness in seawater is around 35 parts per thousand. 3 The BOD stores were occasiond to find the tautness of seawater, the comparability to conjure up was then applied, using assiduousness to determine the salinity. The salinity of seawater from the BOD method was 33.37 ppt 0.08737 with a relative amount deviation of 0.2618 percent. Using the same equation of state, the salinity was determined from the readings recorded by the denseness fourth dimension. The density cadence produced salinity values of 34.75 ppt 1.403, with an RSD% of 4.038. The conductivity try out measured the ability of the consequence to shed light on current. The Unesco equation is used to convert the measured conductivity of seawater to salinity, which was conductd to be 42.71 ppt 0.04359 with a RSD% of 0.1021. The refractometer measured the extent of which is bent, giving the refractive index. The average salinity through refractive index was 36.14 ppm 2.56, with an RSD% of 0.1884.IntroductionThe purpose of this experiment was to determine the salinity of seawater through two different methods BOD bottles ( mountain) and density meter. Salinity, temperature, and density are related to each other(a) through the equation of state. Physical properties of seawater are related through state functions. Salinity is defined as a measure of the total dissolved salts in a solution. As density increases, the amount of salt in seawater is expected to increase as well. Thus, density and salinity have a positive relationship with each other. As temperature increases, the area amid each water molecule increases, which lowers the density.5 Density has an inverse relationship with temperature. An increase in the salts dissolved in seawater also causes the physical proper ties of refractive index, electrical conductivity, transmission of sound, and surface tension to increase. On the contrary, change magnitude salinity in seawater will cause the physical property of freezing point, compressibility, solubility, and specific heat to decrease instead. Using the methods of electrical conductivity, BOD bottles, density meter, and refractometer, the salinity of seawater will be calculated and compared for the most accurate results. 3ExperimentalApparatusBOD BottlesConductivity studyDensity meterRefractometerAnalytical balancesProcedureThe density of seawater through the BOD method was discovered by finding the volume of both DI water and seawater. The BOD bottle is weighed dry, and filled with DI water. The temperature of each BOD bottle with DI is taken, and gives a corresponding density value through a chart. Using the equation Volume=Mass/Density, the volume of DI water can be calculated. This process is repeated with seawater, with density of seawate r being the weight of seawater divided by the compressed volume of DI water.The density meter method uses a magnet to measure the period oscillation within the U-shaped tube. Seawater is put in the U-shaped tube. This gives the period of oscillation, T, which is then used in the equation =AT2 + B , to give the density of seawater(A, B are calib proportionalityn coefficients). The equation of state given in the spreadsheet, Millero Density Spreadsheet is then used to calculate the salinity at the given density and temperature. 4The conductivity investigation is used to compare the trend between salinity and density. A conductivity probe is first gradational, then put in a beaker of DI water, standard solution, and seawater. The reading is measured, with the probe cleaned between every new trial. Conductivity is the ability for a solution to pass current, so it is expected that salinity and density have a positive relationship. Using the formula given in the Unesco Equation Spreadshe et, the conductivity ratio is used to calculate the salinity. 1The refractometer is a tool that measures the extent in which light is bent. Drop a sample of seawater to the measuring prism and use the hand wheel to adjust the sight. The illuminating prism should be put at the halfway point of the sample, this then gives the refractive index. Using given toss and intercept Salinity vs. Refractive Index and Salinity vs. Specific sombreness Curves, the salinity and specific gravity is then calculated. 2ResultsTable 1 Seawater salinity in BOD BottleTrialTemperature (C)Salinity121.533.35221.633.47321.733.30Mean Salinity33.37 regulation divergence0.08737Relative Standard Deviation %0.2618Table 2 Salinity of seawater by density meter Data obtained by Jessica OregonTrialTemperature (C)Salinity12033.5322035.9532033.5342035.97Mean Salinity34.75Standard Deviation1.403Relative Standard Deviation %4.038Table 3 Salinity of seawater by refractive indexTrialSeawaterSalinity11.340038.3721.339 133.3431.339736.69Mean Salinity36.14Standard Deviation2.560Relative Standard Deviation %7.083Table 4 Salinity of seawater by conductivity probe (22.6 C)TrialSeawater (mS/cm)Standard (mS/cm)Salinity149.649.442.76249.649.542.68349.749.642.68449.649.442.76549.749.642.68Mean49.649.542.71Standard Deviation0.05480.1000.0436Relative Standard Deviation %0.1100.2020.102DiscussionThe results seem to imply that the salinity in seawater varies depending on the method, as some methods have a lesser chance of error than others. Using the average seawater salinity of 35 ppt as a comparison, most of the results seem to fall between the ranges of 33 to 37. However, the most notable difference is the salinity of seawater by conductivity probe. The conductivity probe method produced a mean salinity of 42.71 ppt 0.0436, with a relative standard deviation of 0.102 percent. The results for the conductivity probe were quite far in comparison to the other method. However, the conductivity method had an R SD% of 0.1021. This indicated that the results while somewhat inaccurate, were very precise. This inaccuracy may have been caused due to taxonomical errors in our instrument. The conductivity probe office have been calibrated incorrectly, or in the wrong solution. If the calibration was just slightly off, it is possible that this difference might have contributed to the inaccurate salinity results. The solutions measured on the probe might have gotten contaminated without prior knowledge, or it might have simply been a human error in calculations.The result with the highest relative standard deviation was the salinity of seawater by refractive index with 7.083 %. This indicates that there was a lot of variation in salinity for each trial. The salinity ranges from 33.34 to 38.37 ppt. The mean salinity of seawater by refractive index was 36.14 ppt 2.560, which is close to the average seawater salinity of 35. These slightly inexact results may be due to stochastic and systematic e rrors. The use of the eyepiece when trying to go to the halfway point might change due to different perception between people. Likewise, reading the refractometer varies between each individual and might change with angle due to parallax. This can really change the data measured and can result in imprecise data. There can also be human errors done during the conversion between refractive index and salinity.The BOD bottle method has a salinity of 33.37 ppt 0.08737 with an RSD% of 0.2618. The very low relative standard deviation indicates that there isnt much spread within the data. When compared to the average seawater salinity of 35 ppt, it fall a little bit short. This was because there are a lot of possible errors for this method due to the long process of balancing and rebalancing. Possible systematic errors might have occurred on the analytical balances, such as calibration. Random errors, such as the fluctuation of weight in our seawater sample might also have impacted the ac curacy. This method was also very time consuming, so it was not the most efficient way of determining the salinity. But, based on the results, it was the most dependable with good accuracy and great precision.The most accurate method when compared to the average value of seawater salinity is the density meter. The density meter has a salinity of 34.75 1.403, with an RSD% of 4.038. The RSD% of 4.038 indicated that there was some variation in the data. However, when compared to the average seawater salinity, this was the closest by far. This method was the most efficient overall because it allowed the prospect to obtain the density, and salinity value the quickest. However, its not perfect because the instrument can calibrated or used incorrectly.While the most precise method goes to the BOD method, the most accurate would go to the density meter. The density meter is also quick and efficient, which make it an excellent tool to calculate the value for salinity. In comparison, the BO D method took far too long and was not nearly as efficient as the density meter method. If there was one occasion that should be changed in a repeat of this experiment, it would be giving an extended time for the density meter method. There was not enough time in the assigned lab period, so data from a peer was borrowed and used.AcknowledgementsI would standardized to thank Sam and George for helping us with calculations. I would also like to thank fellow peer, Jessica Oregon for the data set on seawater density by meter.ReferencesAnderson, George, and Michael Tauber.Unesco Density Spreadsheet. University of California, San Diego Ted.ucsd.edu, n.d. Xlsx.Tauber, Michael, and George Anderson.Salinity vs Refractive Index and Salinity vs Specific Gravity Curves. University of California, San Diego Ted.ucsd.edu, n.d. Xlsx.Tauber, Michael, and Robert Pomeroy. 3.5 Density and Salinity lecture.Ted.ucsd.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Feb. 2015.Tauber, Michael, and Robert Pomeroy.Milero Density Sp readsheet. University of California, San Diego Ted.ucsd.edu, n.d. Xlsx.The Ocean and Temperature.The Ocean and Temperature. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Feb. 2015.

What The Dsm Attempts To Do Psychology Essay

What The Dsm Attempts To Do Psychology EssayDSM-IV is a classification of moral disorders that was genuine for use in clinical, educational, and research settings. American Psychiatric Association, DSM-IV-TR, 2000 What the DSM attempts to do is suffer specific criteria for specific disorders, but at the aforesaid(prenominal) time, not thrust the manual be used in a cookbook fashion. Meaning that the specific diagnostic criteria in the DSM are meant to serve as guidelines concurrently with clinical judgment. As we all know, each disorder included in the DSM has a set of diagnostic criteria that signify what symptoms must be present in order to spiel the criteria for a diagnosis. Conversely, there are almost disorders where there are symptoms that must not be present in order for an individual to be pensionable for the diagnosis. A strong point of this particular set-up of the DSM manual makes finding the disorder and its diagnostic criteria easier because of its conciseness. The use of the DSM diagnostic criteria to diagnose has been shown to increase diagnostic reliability (Mezzich, 2002).As noted above, the DSM-IV is a manual that helps outline mental disorders. A major strength is that healthcare professionals such as physicians, psychologist, psychiatrists, and others combined their resources and knowledge to create a universal manual (Well in the US anyways) (Speigel, January 3, 2005). Also, the DSM is used for appropriate coding for billing and insurance usages which, for most psychologists, is imperative in order to receive reimbursement for shroudment. another(prenominal) strength of the DSM is that it allows researchers to gather a group of patients who meet the described criteria for the disorder, try different treatments, and compare the results. For example, a percentage of patients with social phobia might be helped by placebo, and if a greater number will be helped by a psycholeptic, or psychotherapy, or whatever the treatment is in the ir design, then unrivaled of these treatments can be found valuable. This is important because the idea of evidence based treatment appeals to the general public, to the field, and is just common sense. Therefore, it is known that empirical data is more(prenominal) useful than untested theories and endless debates that are not proven by research.One weakness that I have found is the reoccurrence of including the social effects of disorders in the criteria by which the same disorders are identified (Widiger Sankis, 2000). It has been argued that when a person meets or exceeds the criteria for a disorder, the DSM does not satisfactorily take into account the context in which a person is living, and to what degree there is a disorder of an individual versus a psychological response to their negative environment (Chodoff, 2005). Therefore, should someone who is in a precise poor living situation (emotional or physical abuse, in poverty, ect) these may be the sole factor for some th eir symptoms, so should it still be assessed in the criteria? whatever times, an individuals quantity of mischief is often not correlated with symptom counts, and can stem from various individual and social factors, the DSMs standard of distress or harm can often produce false positives (Spitzer R.L., Wakefield J.C., 1999). However, the reality still is that some individuals who dont meet all the symptom criteria may still experience similar slimy or dysfunction in their life.The DSM-IV is practically known as a categorical classification system. The categories are models, and a patient with a lavishly telling to the model is said to have that disorder. The DSM-IV (2000) states, there is no assumption each category of mental disorder is a completely discrete entity with absolute boundaries At the same time, unique, mild, or non-criterion symptoms are not given any importance in the diagnosis (Maser, JD., Patterson, T., 2002). On the other hand, qualifiers are sometimes used when explaining the direct of disorder for example mild, moderate or severe forms. For some the disorders, symptoms must be adequate to cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (APA, DSM-IV-TR, 2000) It has been said that ever since the DSM was created, it has been argued that its system of classification makes indiscrete categorical distinctions between disorders, and uses somewhat random cut-offs between design and abnormal (Widiger Coker, 2003, p. 3). I agree that the cut-offs seem a bit arbitrary, and though it is not always voiced, my professors seem to silently have the same opinion. It has been argued that rather than utilize a categorical approach, a fully dimensional or continuum approach may enhanced the diagnosis people and make it more individualized. (Dalal P.K., Sivakumar T., (2009).What I impression would make the next version DSM superior comes from a suggestion by Dr. Kraemer at the American Psychiatric Association 2007 Annual Meeting, in San Diego, California. (Busko, June 14, 2007) She stated that the purpose of a diagnostic system of mental health disorders, such as the DSM, is not to say what is normal or acceptable but to describe the presentment of a person who comes to get clinical help. The point being made is when a healthcare professional uses the DSM they have to answer this question,Does the patient fit this mental disorder category? Right now, there are only 2 options Yes or No, which makes the DSM very categorical. However, a dimensional diagnosis, would give us 3 or more potential values that can be ordered. An example, provided by Dr. Kraemer wasWhile I think that having more than a binary option is a unspoiled idea, I am not sure about this Absolutely Sure or Unsure categorization that is presented. Yes, the diagnostic classification should exact to a diagnosis that is reliable and valid, but it should also trust in the professionals life ex periences and knowledge in determining how any one disorder is presented in an individual. At the same time, I am cautious about having a classification system that starts running into subclinical diagnosis. I feel that this would lead into everyone leaving a psychologists or psychiatrists office with a disorder. One side note I would like to add, is that as it has been presented by the APA, the DSM-5 is leaning towards making Aspergers Syndrome a combined disorder with Autism Spectrum overturn. As a person who has a brother with Aspeger and having worked with the general Autistic community, I feel abhorred that such a thing would be considered. They are similar, but not the same thing. Especially when we are discussing an individuals ability to live independently and function in their community. For me, this would be like combining Schizoid nature disorder and Schizotypal personality disorder. Well, I will just stop my rambling for now.Hello Ms. XD, I hope you are doing well. Aft er our evaluation and my consultation with my supervisor, we have determined that you have fear Disorder with Agoraphobia. Within Panic Disorder, you can have apprehension attacks. A panic attack can described as an event of very intense fear or uneasiness that comes on rather quickly. People can experience Panic Disorder in different ways, but some of the symptoms are chest pain, feeling like you are choking, a feeling like you might be dying, feeling like you may have not control of your emotions. You can also have hot flashes, chills, nausea, numbness, shortness of breath, sweating. fast heartbeat, or you may start shaking. Once again, these symptoms can start all of a sudden and usually gets more intense as time goes on, but these feelings usually peak within 10 minutes. You also have Agoraphobia along with your Panic Disorder. This representation that you may have a strong fear of being in a fractious or embarrassing situation that you cannot escape from. almost people who have severe agoraphobia may not want leave home. There may be certain locations or situations that may make you refer that you will have a panic attack. These feelings can have a big impact on your social, work, or educational life. It may make it difficult for you to be around others because you may be concerned that you will have another panic attack.Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia is one of the most common concern disorders. Approximately 1-2% of the general public have this disorder. Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia can start at anytime during someones life, but it usually starts in adolescence and mid 30s. It is rare to have Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia over the age of 45. So you fit the within common age range of occurrence. Also, with Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia, females are 3 times more likely than males to have it. If someone in your immediate family also has this disorder, you are 8 times more likely to get it. Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia is generally consider ed chronic. This means that it is not likely to go away in the near future. However, the severity can go from very low to very high while you have Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia. You may eventually stop having panic attacks, but it is common to still have the symptoms of agoraphobia.There are many moderatenesss on how Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia happens, but there is no one direct cause. Some think there is only a genetic reason why this happens. That means that it is in your genes that were transferred on from your parents. It is also believed that panic disorder may be a learned behavioral response to stressful situations. This means that you may have learned at some point during your life that, maybe unconsciously, it was okay for you to react in a certain way and that is what has lead you to have panic attacks. It is also thought that some peoples brains are wired in a way that makes it easier and more common for them to have a panic attack. These are all possibly reasons why you have Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia, but the important thing now is to look into what the best way to treat it. There are many different options. For medications, there are a variety to choose from, but the most common medicine to use is called an SSRI. Some medicines that you have heard of before, such as Prozac and Zoloft, are SSRIs. You have about a 60% chance of being panic attack bare(a) if you stick with your meds. However, if you dont, it is very likely that you will have more panic attacks. Another choice is using a specific kind of psychotherapy called cognitive Behavioral Therapy. CBT is a type of therapy that helps you focus on how you think about things and how you behave. Within CBT is something called Panic Control Treatment. This would meant that you would experience the symptoms of a panic attack in a safe environment. Along with this you would learn deep breathing and relaxation. I highly recommend that you go with this therapy. Therapy and medicine can be combined, but that is up to your physician or psychiatrist to decide. Ms. XD, I hope the best for you and please let me know you if you have an issues or concerns.

Commodity Prices :: essays papers

Commodity Prices The financial term commodity is defined as a physical substance, such as provender, grains, a and metals, which is interchangeable with other product of the same type, and which investors buy or sell, usually through future contracts. Or much generally, a product which trades on a commodity exchange this would also include foreign currencies and financial instruments and indexes. When one speaks of a commodity, they can be referring to ii types of this aspect of finance. A cash commodity or an actual is an actual physical commodity which is delivered at the completion of a contract This is the lesser utilized of commodities.(Investors Glossary) The more predominant type of commodity that is used is the commodity futures contract. The futures markets are described as continuous auction markets and exchanges providing the latest information about cater and demand with respect to individual commodities, financial instruments, and currencies. Futures exchan ges are where buyers and sellers of an expanding list of commodities, financial instruments, and currencies, come together to trade. The primary purpose of futures markets, is to provide an efficient and effective machine to manage price risk. The futures market allows buyers and sellers to stabilize the price of something. Individuals and businesses seek to achieve insurance against adverse price changes. This is done by buying or marketing futures contracts, with a price level established now, for items to be delivered later. A common practice amongst the traders of futures is called hedging. The details of hedging can be somewhat complex yet the principle is simple. Hedgers are individuals and firms that make purchases and sales in the futures market solely for the purpose of establishing a known price level-weeks or months in advance-for something they later specialize to buy or sell in the cash market (such as at a grain elevator or in the bond market). In this wa y they attempt to protect themselves against the risk of an unfavorable price change in the interim or hedgers may use futures to lock in an pleasant margin between their purchase cost and their selling price.A perfect example of how the futures trading works is provided in the agricultural form of commodities. For example, a food manufacturer will need to buy additional corn from his supplier in three months.

Marriage In Pride and Prejudice Essay -- English Literature Austen Ess

Marriage In Pride And PrejudiceEven from the first sentence, we can already tell that the novel willingbe focusing on the essential issues of marriage and wealth. Itstresses a society where marriage is a very important and essentialpreoccupation. Marriage and wealth be closely linked together thericher a man was, the more probable it was that single women would lack to marry him. Austen tries to summarize the two main issues inher opening move sentence It is a truth universally acknowledged, that asingle man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of awife. This doesnt appear to be the authors own fathom. She seemsto put it in a very sarcastic way. The writer says, it is a truthuniversally acknowledged... this appears extremely misinform sinceshe expresses that this is a fact recognized by the whole universe,which is highly unlikely. The next part of the opening sentence thatsounds ironic is a single man in possession of a good fortune, mustbe in want of a wife. She use s the word must to put across thecertainly in her statement. However, this isnt trustworthy of all rich,single men non all wealthy, single men are seeking a wife. Her toneof voice seems to be very satirical, in the sense that she exaggerateseverything to make it look extremely foolish, because she clearlydisagrees with it. To some extent, she distances herself from societyand this is very evident in her choice of words. The words truth andmust indicate an ironic voice and already, from this first sentence,we can ultimately tell the kind of society the characters live in andwhat their concerns about life, marriage and wealth are. The view putforward is what former(a) people in her society believe and she... ...ot marry for money, but for love. Theopinion formed of the Gardiners is totally opposite to those formed ofWickham and Lydia.The connection between Bingley and Jane is the first that is verbalise ofas a possibility of a marriage, but it nearly doesnt happen becauseJane does nt show her feelings as picked up by Char quite a littlete Lucas. Themarriage between Bingley and Jane succeeds because they both bundlesimilar interests and intellect.Elizabeth and Darcy are the central focus throughout novel and it ispossibly the best example of a good marriage. They have to overcome alot of difficult situations before they finally get engaged. Two ofthe main obstacles were prejudgement and pride.Austen is trying to say that marriage should be given careful thoughtand consideration. It should not be solely for money and status, butfor intellect and true love.