The Orthodox Tradition in Eastern Europe Essay -- Religion Russia 19th

The Orthodox custom in Eastern Europe by and by the quaternary century when Constantinople emerged as a great capital and church service center, tensions sometimes arose amongst its leaders and the bishop of Rome. After the fall of Rome to Germanic invaders in 476, the popish pope was the only guardian of Christian universalism in the West. He began more explicitly to attrisolelye his lateralisation to Romes being the burial crop of Saint Peter, whom Jesus had called the rock on which the church was to be built. The Eastern Christians respected that tradition and recognize the Roman patriarch to a measure of trustworthy authority. But they never believed that this authority allowed the papacy to overrule another church or that it made the pope into a universally reliable figure deep d ingest the larger church. The Orthodox tradition asserted that the character and rights of the church were fully present in distributively local community of Orthodox believers with its own bis hop. wholly bishops were equal, and patriarchs or synods of bishops exercised only an oversight of c be among the body of coequal bishops. The precedence of honor of individual national churches depended on historical rank. Therefore, the patriarchate of Constantinople understood its own position to be determined entirely by the fact that Constantinople, the new Rome, was the seat of the Roman emperor butterfly and the Senate in a world where church boundaries, for administrative reasons, reflected political limits.Apart from the different understandings of the personality of church power, the most significant doctrinal difference between Eastern and westerly Christians arose over the exact express of the Nicene Creed. The Orthodox churches demanded that no words be added to or taken away from the ancient and complete statement of the faith, as issued by the councils of Nicaea and Constantinople in the quaternate century. During the early Middle Ages the Latin word filioque, meaning and from the Son, was added in the Latin Christian world, thus explanation the creed as I believe in the Holy Spirit who proceeds from the Father and from the Son. Charlemagne and his successors promoted the outburst, primarily opposed by the popes, in Europe. Eventually, it was also certain in Rome in about 1014. Western theologians believed that this teaching preserved the spirit of the original creed. But Orthodox teachers believed that it had n... ...r tsars, Moscow had become the so-called triplet Rome, direct heir to the imperial and ecclesiastical conquest of ancient Rome and Constantinople. The patriarchs of Moscow never enjoyed anything like the relative freedom of the Byzantine patriarchs, where church laws set the interference of the emperor and were generally respected. In Russia the tsars exercised despatch domination over church affairs, except for the brief reign of Patriarch Nikon in the mid-17th century. In 1721 tzar Peter the Great abolished the pa triarchate altogether, and thereafter the church was governed through the imperial administration. The patriarchate was reestablished in 1917, at the time of the Russian Revolution, but soon by and by the Russian church was violently persecuted by the communist government. As the Soviet regime became less repressive and, in 1991, broke up, the church started to regain its vitality. The Orthodox churches in Eastern Europe also confront persecution by oppressive Communist governments after World War II ended in 1945, but they too regained their authority in the 1990s and are slowly reestablishing their place in the moral, religious, and cultural life of their people. The Orthodox Tradition in Eastern Europe Essay -- Religion Russia 19thThe Orthodox Tradition in Eastern EuropeAfter the 4th century when Constantinople emerged as a great capital and church center, tensions sometimes arose between its leaders and the bishop of Rome. After the fall of Rome to Germanic inv aders in 476, the Roman pope was the only guardian of Christian universalism in the West. He began more explicitly to attribute his dominance to Romes being the burial place of Saint Peter, whom Jesus had called the rock on which the church was to be built. The Eastern Christians respected that tradition and recognized the Roman patriarch to a measure of honorable authority. But they never believed that this authority allowed the papacy to overrule another church or that it made the pope into a universally reliable figure within the larger church. The Orthodox tradition asserted that the character and rights of the church were fully present in each local community of Orthodox believers with its own bishop. All bishops were equal, and patriarchs or synods of bishops exercised only an oversight of care among the body of coequal bishops. The precedence of honor of individual national churches depended on historical rank. Therefore, the patriarchate of Constantinople understood its own position to be determined entirely by the fact that Constantinople, the new Rome, was the seat of the Roman emperor and the Senate in a world where church boundaries, for administrative reasons, reflected political limits.Apart from the different understandings of the personality of church power, the most significant doctrinal difference between Eastern and Western Christians arose over the exact wording of the Nicene Creed. The Orthodox churches demanded that no words be added to or taken away from the ancient and fundamental statement of the faith, as issued by the councils of Nicaea and Constantinople in the 4th century. During the early Middle Ages the Latin word filioque, meaning and from the Son, was added in the Latin Christian world, thus rendering the creed as I believe in the Holy Spirit who proceeds from the Father and from the Son. Charlemagne and his successors promoted the outburst, primarily opposed by the popes, in Europe. Eventually, it was also accepted in Rome i n about 1014. Western theologians believed that this teaching preserved the spirit of the original creed. But Orthodox teachers believed that it had n... ...r tsars, Moscow had become the so-called third Rome, direct heir to the imperial and ecclesiastical supremacy of ancient Rome and Constantinople. The patriarchs of Moscow never enjoyed anything like the relative freedom of the Byzantine patriarchs, where church laws regulated the interference of the emperor and were generally respected. In Russia the tsars exercised complete domination over church affairs, except for the brief reign of Patriarch Nikon in the mid-17th century. In 1721 Tsar Peter the Great abolished the patriarchate altogether, and thereafter the church was governed through the imperial administration. The patriarchate was reestablished in 1917, at the time of the Russian Revolution, but soon afterward the Russian church was violently persecuted by the Communist government. As the Soviet regime became less repres sive and, in 1991, broke up, the church started to regain its vitality. The Orthodox churches in Eastern Europe also faced persecution by oppressive Communist governments after World War II ended in 1945, but they too regained their authority in the 1990s and are slowly reestablishing their place in the moral, religious, and cultural life of their people.

Physics of Volcanoes :: physics volcano volcanic eruption

Vol pukeoes are one of natures most interesting and dangerous phenomenons. The way volcanoes operate can be understood, on a basic level, by just some simple physics and chemistry, this paper go out investigate and explain some of the basic physics that govern the behavior of volcanoes.Magma is composed of three main components * viscous silicate melt * crystals * volatiles (gases)The way that these three components interact is one of the main focuses of petrologists and volcanologists.Also, the way that these components interact is govered by some of the basic laws of physics.ViscosityIn laymans terms viscosity is a fluids resistance to flow and is important in many volcanic processes. Viscosity is delineate as the internal resistance to flow by a substance when a shear stress is applied. Many factors affect a magmas viscosity. Temperature is one of them, as a with all fluids as a the temperature increases the viscosity also increases. This example can be seen when examin ing a rhyolitic melt, when the temperature decreases from 1300C to 600C the viscosity increases by much than eight orders of magnitude. The silica content and the water content also affect a magmas viscosity. The more silica is in a magma the more viscous the magma will be due to the strong silica-oxygen bonds. When water is added to a magma it has the ability to break the silica-oxygen bonds and therfore, the viscosity decreases.RheologyRheology is the study of how materials flow and it is very important when examining volcanogenic processes. Two main types of flows can be defined laminar and turbulent. Laminar flow occurs when the motion of the particles of fluid is very orderly with all particles moving in straight lines parallel to the walls. dissolute flow occurs when the streamlines or flow patterns of a fluid are disorganized and there is an exchange of fluid between these areas. The Reynolds number (Re) can be mensural to determine whether a fluid is turbulent or laminar. When the Reynolds number is less than 10 .... it is considered laminar, when it is greater than 100 it is considered turbulent. The areas in between are defined as transitional and can go either way.Rheology and viscosity are imporatnat to volcanologists because it will determine if Magma Chambers will convect and overturn. When the Rayleighs and Reynolds numbers are high liberal it is possible for these chambers to over turn which can lead to volcanic eruptions.

Ocean Contaminants and the Impact of El Nino :: California Beaches Environmental Essays

Ocean Contaminants and the Impact of El Nino The ocean is inhabited by many and loved by all. Whether you surf the waves or use it for recreational purposes, its important to us all. There are dangers to the ocean that anyone who bathes in it should be conscious(predicate) of. Besides the obvious dangers of the current and the pounding waves, there are possible microscopic enemies at bouffant. Every year the beaches are closed for a multifariousness of reasons. Sometimes it may be for a surfing contest, or if the waves are too dangerous, but the most overlooked may be ocean contaminants. roughly 20% of ocean water pollution occurs naturally. Its important for the public to aware of the contaminants that reach our waters and how they get there. OCEAN CONTAMINANTS FROM HUMAN ACTIVITIES Viruses in the ocean, as products of humane activities, are potentially dangerous contaminants of many coastal waters. Total coliform bacteria are a collection of relatively harmless microorganisms that live in large numbers in the intestines of man and warm- and cold-blooded animals. They aid in the digestion of food. A specific subgroup of this collection is the fecal coliform bacteria, the most common member being Escherichia coli or E.Coli. These organisms may be separated from the total coliform group by their ability to grow at elevated temperatures and are associated only with the fecal material or warm-blooded animals. Fecal Coliform is the bacterium that forms in water from fece of humans and other warm-blooded animals. These types of feces can enter directly by animals, such as birds, by discharging into river. Feces also enter water by agricultural and storm run off carrying animal waste, and human sewage discharge.(www.stale.ky.us) The presence of fecal coliform bacteria in aquatic environments indicates that the water has been contaminated with the fecal material of man or other animals. Fecal coliform is not dangerous itself. Its the pathogens that may be found along with fecal coliform that is harmful. Human pathogenic viruses are not only found in the millions of gallons of variously treated human wastes dumped directly into coastal waters from sewage outfalls, but also from runoff from numberous storm drain sewers. Fecal coliform measures are important because they can help determine the probability of catching a disease from the water. So, the more fecal coliform, the higher the probability of a disease causing bacteria being found in the water.

Essay --

From my previous journal I stated that I was actu on the wholey interested in finishing the rest of the books in the Odyssey. Well I have finished all of them and got roughly of my questions answered in class and I got some question that I did not realize I did not understand answered too. In book 4 I left off with wondering wherefore Athena protects Telemachus when shes still upset with. When finishing up the rest of the Odyssey there ar many things that are many happening. You have everything from all of the gods are accepting that Poseidon has gathered again on Mount Olympus to discuss Odysseuss fate in book 5. To Athena makes the Ithacans forget the massacre of their children and recognize Odysseus as king, and making Peace being restored in book 24. How nonpareil man goes through all of this is amazing to me. The Odyssey is nothing more than Odysseus telling us his figment and all the things that he had gone through. Odysseus encounters many things that people do not beli eve to be true because all of his crew is dead and no one had ever dont anything like he is saying that he has. Because his crew is dead there is no one to help tell all of the great adventures that they endeared. The main question I feel that never truly gets answered in the reading is that of wither or not the stories are true. Does it really need someone who loves his family 20 long time to make it home? To return to his wife and son? And are the wife and son still there waiting for him to return. We know in the reading that they are but how does he know this? Is it because thats how it was back then or why?Why did it embrace him the seven years for him to build a boat to leave the island of Cyclopes and start to make is way back home. When he finally manages to get the boat made to ... ... I keep saying this but I really dont know wither or not I can take this paper ad being true I things some of the things could have happened but not all of them. Im not sure why I find it so hard to believe but I do. While reflecting on this reading I have really stopped to think most what I am reading and if I believe it to be true or not. Could the Odyssey be written different so that its more comprehensible? Or should we already be able to understand the text? I feel that the book could take a whole semester to cover it we were to truly take the time to truly read it not just read it and go on. I can see myself rereading the books and trying to understand more and looking for things that I have missed the first time though. Works CitedBrian Wilkie, J. H. (2001). Lliterature of the Western World Vol. 1. New Jersey Prentice Hall. The Odyssey, pages 273-594

Giles Corey :: essays research papers

Giles Corey was a successful farmer and an active member of the Salem church, but this reputable pretence citizen was not looked lightly upon when the word witch started floating around. In April of 1692, Ann Putnam, Jr., Mercy Lewis, and Abigail Williams pointed a scornful finger at Giles. Ann said that Corey supposedly came to her on the thirteenth of April and asked her to write in the devils book. She later said that a ghost came to her, asking to be avenged against his killer, Giles Corey. Corey and his wife, Martha were good friends of the Porter family. Being enceinte enemies of the Porters, the Putnams saw the Coreys as enemies, and dead enemies seemed much safer than living enemies. Thus, a trial began so as to determine the wicked characteristics of the Coreys.For five long months, he waited in prison for word of his trial. When he was let out, several witnesses arrived, demanding proof against the Coreys. In light of his new fan club, he chose to refuse to stand trial. Without a trial, at that place was a greater chance that his sons-in-law got his farm instead of the government.On Monday, September 19, consequence came for his refusal to stand trial. The punishment was death by pressing, the use of large stones to pulsate a person to death. On his deathbed, he only begged the executioner to use larger stones, so that he may die quicker. He was refused this meager pop off wish. Coreys "tongue being prest out of his mouth, the Sheriff with his cane forced it in again, when he was dying," said Robert Calef, a reporter covering the event. It took two days for him to die, and he was conceal in a lone patch of grass on Gallows Hill.At the age of 80, Corey chose to die with honor and grit, rather than allow himself to be made a fool of by begging for his life in a courtroom that he knew would never let him live.

Giles Corey :: essays research papers

Giles Corey was a successful farmer and an active member of the Salem church, but this reputable model citizen was not looked lightly upon when the devise witch started floating around. In April of 1692, Ann Putnam, Jr., Mercy Lewis, and Abigail Williams pointed a scornful finger at Giles. Ann said that Corey supposedly came to her on the 13th of April and asked her to write in the reprimands book. She later said that a ghost came to her, asking to be avenged against his killer, Giles Corey. Corey and his wife, Martha were good friends of the Porter family. Being great enemies of the Porters, the Putnams saw the Coreys as enemies, and curtly enemies seemed much safer than living enemies. Thus, a trial began so as to determine the wicked characteristics of the Coreys.For five long months, he waited in prison for word of his trial. When he was let egress, several witnesses arrived, demanding proof against the Coreys. In light of his new fan club, he chose to refuse to stand trial. Without a trial, there was a greater take a chance that his sons-in-law got his farm instead of the government.On Monday, September 19, consequence came for his refusal to stand trial. The punishment was death by pressing, the use of large stones to crush a person to death. On his deathbed, he only begged the executioner to use larger stones, so that he may die quicker. He was refused this meager last wish. Coreys "tongue being prest out of his mouth, the Sheriff with his cane forced it in again, when he was dying," said Robert Calef, a reporter covering the event. It took two days for him to die, and he was buried in a unaccompanied patch of grass on Gallows Hill.At the age of 80, Corey chose to die with honor and grit, rather than allow himself to be made a fool of by pray for his life in a courtroom that he knew would never let him live.

Ethical Analysis of the Shawshank Redemption Essay

It has been suggested that a psyche elicit learn a great deal about a hostelry its customs, values, respectable beliefs, etc, through its cultural works (art, film, literature, etc). In the case of the 1994 film, The Shawshank Redemption, a story of one mans wrongful imprison housement and subsequent wantondom, the smasher can gain a great insight into two honest principles that help to govern society. The Shawshank Redemption provides the viewer with a backdrop against which to consider the ethical principles of justice and agency and the synthesiss that the management in which those principles ar dealt with in the film can have for society.Ethical PrinciplesEthics can be defined as, a social, religious, or civil code of behavior considered correct, especially that of a particular group, profession, or individual (Ethics). go the individual principles that make-up such correct behavior can be debated from group to group and society to society, there are certain ones tha t carry outm to transcend culture and societal boundaries. One of these is justice. Justice can be defined as the quality of being fair and reasonable/conformity to moral rightness and attitude (Justice). It is a horse sense that a person is being treated in a manner that is in accordance with a reasonable and fair application of both written and unwritten laws that are considered to be righteous and is an almost universal ethical principle. One can see the ethical principle of justice in The Shawshank Redemption from the very germ of the film. The foundation of the image is the unjust imprisonment of the main character, Andy Dufresne, and the subsequent injustices that are done to him while there. These injustices take the form of sexual assault by early(a) prisoners, a refusal on the part of the warden to acknowledge evidence of his innocence, and a resulting two-month assignment to solitary confinement when he tries to argue the point.The early(a) characters are non free f rom the effects of injustice either. From the new prisoner who is get the better of to death for crying to Red, who his continually rejected for parole despite obviously being rehabilitated, the characters continually verbalism situations in which they are treated in a manner that both they and the audience would view as unjust. The second main ethical principle in the film is that of mogul. Power exists any time one person exerts some advantage over another. It can take the form of intellect, money, strength, etc and with it comes an inevitable ethical plight of how to use the place. As was discussed with justice, there appears to be a universal belief that power should be used in a judicious manner, but that does not alship canal happen. Johnson (2012) suggests that, we recognize that power has a corrosive effect on those who possess it, (p. 9) and that kind of behavior is evident in the film.Warden Samuel Norton abuses his legitimate power, or power of his position, along wi th both reward (delivering something of value) and coercive (penalties or punishments) power to use and abuse prisoners for his own personal gain, even going so far as to have one shot in order to protect his financial and personal interest (Johnson, 2012, pp. 7-8). Head guard Byron Hadley abuses his power through coercive measures, thrashing and killing prisoners and running the prison through fear and intimidation. Even the other guards, though they do not abuse the prisoners physically, take advantage of their position to conk out free financial work from Dufresn.The use and abuse of power extends to the prisoners, as well. Red uses his influence with the guards to get all of his friends on the same work detail. At the same time, Boggs and The Sisters use their physical power to force Andy into unwanted sexual acts. Even Andy uses his power, exercising the expert power of his financial abilities in illegal ways and, in doing so, gaining privileges for both the other prisoners a nd himself (Johnson, 2012, p. 8). While the audience may ultimately view these actions more favorably in light of the injustices faced by the prisoners, they however represent actions that, in and of themselves, would be examples of abuse of power.Character ReactionsThe ethical principles of justice and power play-out in the film through the reactions of the different characters to the environment of injustice and abuse power that is present in the prison. It is the prison establishment, represented by the Warden, Hadley and the other guards, that provides the catalyst that drives the character interplay. The Warden and Hadley are the main abusers, but even the other guards, who salute fairness and justice to the prisoners when left on their own, fall victim to the pressures of the Warden and Hadleys evil shadow (Johnson, 2012) and join-in to some degree. It is this situation that causes the prisoners to have to choose how they will react. In the face of the unfair treatment and abuse of power, the prisoners choose to react in different ways.Boggs and /The Sisters break down part of the abuse through the use of physical strength, flogging and sexually assaulting Dufresn and others at will. Red and the rest of Dufresns group are able to maintain a semblance of ethical normalcy but become numb to the things going on around them and begin to take them as a matter of course. It is Dufresn who refuses to give-in to the injustice and abuse. He fights the Sisters, even though he does not always win, plots behind the scenes to escape, makes use of his position as financial advisor to help the other prisoners and, through it all, he maintains his inner strength, hope, and ethical outlook. This interplay between the prison establishment and the prisoner, as well as the differing ways that the prisoners choose to react to the situation helps to bring to light some ethical implications suggested by the film.Ethical ImplicationsWhile there are several suppositions and implications that can be made from the movie about society and its beliefs, two seem to stand-out. The first ethical implication of the movie is the idea that society takes a utilitarian view of ethics. Under a utilitarian approach, decisions are based on their consequences (Johnson, 2012, p. 154) and the ends justify the means. There is a sense that while certain actions, in and of themselves, can be considered unethical, society is willing to view them more favorably within a certain context. For example, there seems to be an inate need for people to feel that justice has been done, and certain unethical behaviors may be acceptable in achieving that end. This can be seen throughout the movie. Boggs, the leader of the Sisters, is beaten until he is paralyzed for hurting Dufresn. Dufresn escapes from prison and takes $370,000 of ill-gotten, laundered money in the process. Either of these might be considered unethical in and of themselves, but the audience is willing to wonder both in the interest of justice being served. We see this same utilitarian view in the use of power in the movie.The Warden and the guards abuse their power to differing degrees and the audience is meant to frown and look askance. However, when Dufresn exploits his financial capabilities in an illegal activity and escape or Red engages in smuggling items into the prison, the audience applauds. In a vacuum, all of the acts are unethical. However, the actions of Dufresn and Red seem to serve, in the eyes if the audience, to balance-out some of the abuses of power and advance the cause of justice. As a result, they are looked at as being ethical in as much as they helped meet the ethical principle of justice despite being unethical themselves. The second implication is the power of ethical leadership. This can be seen in the reaction of the two main groups, the governing power of the Warden and the guards and Dufresns group, to their respective leaders. In the case of the guards, we see th e influence that the leadership of the Warden and Hadley has over them.As was mentioned earlier, the guards are motivated to act in harsh ways towards the prisoners when around the Warden and Hadley, but we see more ethical and humane interactions when the guards are alone with the prisoners. Even Hadley changes once the spell of the Wardens leadership is broken, crying like a baby when he is arrested. Thus, one sees the aloofness and power of the shadow that the Warden regorges. In contrast to the guards, one sees the positive influence that Dufresn has on Red and the other prisoners in their group. When he arrives, they are practical and pragmatic, resigned to the way things are. However, Dufresn shows them that ethical behavior and rightness can still exist. This begins with their first meeting, when he asks for the name of a prisoner who was beaten to death.This seems inconsequential to the others but serves as a symbol of Dufresn bringing the ethics of the outside world with him into the prison. Despite all that occurs during his stay, he never loses those ethics. He never loses hope. And, in the process, he raises the ethical direct and level of hope for all members of the group. Both men lead their respective groups through their actions and decision-making. Ones actions lead in an unethical manner and the other in a more ethical one.Through this, it is evident just how influential the ethical decisions of a leader and the shadow or light they cast can be (Johnson, 2012). Thus, against the backdrop of the microcosmic subculture of Shawshank Prison, one sees the importance of justice and fair use of power to American society. The adage that, Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely, (Johnson, 2012, p. 11) becomes a reality within the prison walls and the characters are left to make sense of it. Ultimately and ironically, it is the seemingly unethical deeds of Dufresn and Red (who breaks his parole to go to Mexico) that restore the balance of justice and power that the audience is seeking and, in doing so, reveal the important role that these ethical principles play in society.ReferencesEthics. In The unblock Dictionary by Farlex. Retrieved from http//www.thefreedictionary.com/ethics Glotzer, L., Lester, D.. & Marvin, N. (Producers) and Darabont, F. (Director). (1994). The Shawshank Redemption Motion Picture. United States Castle Rock Entertainment. Johnson, C.E. (2012). Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership Casting Light or Shadow, fourth edition. constant of gravitation Oaks, California Sage Publications Ltd.Justice. In The Free Dictionary by Farlex. Retrieved from http//www.thefreedictionary.com/ethics

Good or Bad?

Good or Bad? Do you ever wonder if you are safe or gloomy? The potential for evil scares many people. Most people these days strive to be the surmount they can be. They want to keep goodness and do the best to their ability, but they do evil acts that make them the total opposite. Throughout history humans have shown that they can be evil however, there are to a greater extent people that possess a trait of world good. in that respect are many ship canal people can be portrayed as being good. One of those shipway would be someone doing a courageous act in the face of adversity.For example, when the Pilgrims came to the United States, they had no nous what they were getting themselves into. some social occasions couldve happened to them when they came here, but they came here anyways. Another could be the soldiers, from the Army to the Marines to the Air Force to the Navy they exclusively serve a special point in the world. charm risking their lives, they are saving ou rs and protecting our country. Firemen and Police have an abundance of courage saving our lives as well as soldiers.They are all out in the world trying to save our lives. Sometimes you may not want to be good or act that way, but it is eternally the right thing to do. In the world, there is a considerable amount of people in the world who are in particular evil. They mogul not fix it frequently, but they are. One way could be using your anger and turning into violence. Violence can be used toward humans and hitherto animals. Chris Brown vanquish up Rihanna for doing absolutely nothing is a form of violence toward humans.Animals get kicked around, shouted at, and even belittled by humans either day without it divergence noticed. They are just as much a part of the world as humans are, and they should never be treated this way. The fact that they cant defend themselves makes it even worse. Would you identical it if you were in their position and couldnt defend yourself? Viol ence is never the answer even when you think it is. There are ways for good and evil to coexist as one. Your ego is the way you feel or see yourself.This could be good in ways and bad in others. A good ego can make you strive to be a repair human and to strive for better things in life. Unlike having a good ego, bad egos or an over inflated ego is when others think that you are better than everyone else. Therefore, you have few friends than you would like to have because people dont want to be friends with someone who thinks that they are better than everyone else. Everyone is equal, therefore you should never try and act like youre better than others.Good or Bad?Good or Bad? Do you ever wonder if you are good or bad? The potential for evil scares many people. Most people these days strive to be the best they can be. They want to have excellence and do the best to their ability, but they do evil acts that make them the total opposite. Throughout history humans have shown that they can be evil however, there are more people that possess a trait of being good. There are many ways people can be depicted as being good. One of those ways would be someone doing a courageous act in the face of adversity.For example, when the Pilgrims came to the United States, they had no idea what they were getting themselves into. Many things couldve happened to them when they came here, but they came here anyways. Another could be the soldiers, from the Army to the Marines to the Air Force to the Navy they all serve a special purpose in the world. While risking their lives, they are saving ours and protecting our country. Firemen and Police have an abundance of courage saving our lives as well as soldiers.They are all out in the world trying to save our lives. Sometimes you may not want to be good or act that way, but it is always the right thing to do. In the world, there is a considerable amount of people in the world who are in fact evil. They might not realize it frequently, but they are. One way could be using your anger and turning into violence. Violence can be used toward humans and even animals. Chris Brown beating up Rihanna for doing absolutely nothing is a form of violence toward humans.Animals get kicked around, shouted at, and even belittled by humans every day without it going noticed. They are just as much a part of the world as humans are, and they should never be treated this way. The fact that they cant defend themselves makes it even worse. Would you like it if you were in their position and couldnt defend yourself? Violence is never the answer even when you think it is. There are ways for good and evil to coexist as one. Your ego is the way you feel or see yourself.This could be good in ways and bad in others. A good ego can make you strive to be a better human and to strive for better things in life. Unlike having a good ego, bad egos or an over inflated ego is when others think that you are better than everyone else. Therefore, you h ave fewer friends than you would like to have because people dont want to be friends with someone who thinks that they are better than everyone else. Everyone is equal, therefore you should never try and act like youre better than others.

System Thinking and Action Research

System Theory and exerciseion Research Susan M Ross Dr. Tyler Zerwekh kinfolk 15, 2012 Abstract overt health practices and policies ar largely influenced by the population involved and seek to improve the over all told health of the universe. Achieving success in systems thinking requires making strategic determinations about what processes will best make the public health tendencys. Systems Theory randomness technology Systems Theory evaluates the relationship between information systems, and information technology, and people.Action Research is manipulationd in the field of public health to alleviate adverse conditions in communities by addressing the determinants of health, familiarity- unspecific interventions, and health promotion. Examples of Action Research evaluate the computer tradition and health information technology and health coaction groups as hearty as promotion of information health management techniques. An emphasis on relationship is the heart of systems orientation.Systems thinking involving humans require an brain of the nature of the system and its kinetics requires and an understanding of the people involved and the interaction with each other in the applicable network of the system. Action Research is a participatory, democratic process concerned with developing practical knowledge in the credit line of worthwhile human purposes, opening and practice, in conflict with others in the pursuit of practical solutions to issues of pressing concern to people, and more generally the flourishing of individual persons and communities. Reason & Bradbury, 2001). This paper will present a demonstration of a unadulterated analysis of a systems theory, action research, and an action research proposal to analyze the theory in relation to Caucasian socio- frugal group. Systems Theory Fundamental systems-thinking perspectives and approaches that atomic number 18 overlap across different fields are (1) increased attention to how ne w knowledge is ained, managed, exchanged, interpreted, integrated, and disseminated (2) emphasis on a network-centric approach that encourages relationship- building among and between individuals and organizations across conventional disciplines and fields in order to achieve relevant marks and objectives (3) the development of models and frameions, using a variety of analytic approaches in order to improve strategic decision making and (4) systems organizing in order to foster improvements in organizational structures and functions (Leischow, et. al, 2008).Achieving success in systems thinking requires making strategic decisions about what processes will best achieve the public health goals for the designated population and how new discoveries fag end be disseminated effectively, and what structures and functions are needed to deliver the new knowledge. Effective knowledge flow results in erupt network performance, which allow for the achievement of systems-level change. Syste ms organizing have evolved from traditional management theory to a instruction organizational theory, or an adaptive-systems perspective within other systems environments.Information Technology Systems Theory Information Systems (IS) theory is de? ned as concepts that speculate on sociable and skillful relationships between Information Technology, Information Systems and companionable outcomes. Much IS theory originated in other disciplines and has been re? ned or applied to examine IT/IS issues. IS theory would also be classified as to include the technology acceptance model (TAM) and structuration theory and IT productivity models as applied to IS/IT phenomena (Chiasson, Davidson,2004) . Over the past years public health systems have evolved significantly.As personal computers became more powerful and operating systems became more running(a) with the advent of Microsoft Windows, reckoner information systems were updated to make use of more modern features, capabilities and so ftware. Public health agencies began to recognize that information technology was a legitimate goat for investment to improve their ability to perform core public health functions. As agencies began to upgrade replace or bring into being new systems that were more stalwart and specialized using modern database management systems and tools on more reliable platforms, and the lucre began to come into its own.The Center for Disease Control promoted its first System wide area communication and system integration projects through its Information Network for Public health Officials (INPHO) initiative in 1993. (Artz, Salkowitz, 2007). Computer technology moved fairly quick from the glass confines of the dedicated computer room to the general-purpose office. Over the past thirty years standards for technology have become an all important(predicate) fixture of organizational computing life.Enforcement of standards also varies greatly depending on the political support for Informatio n Technology (IT). As applications became more network-aware and network dependent, the need to supplement network investments became overcritical. Public health agencies became more ambitions as technology became more enabling. Computer Information Technology has a lot to offer Public Health agencies existing data sets may be consolidated and population-based, including experiences negotiating data sharing agreements and memoranda of understanding.With advancing technology national and international standards are being quickly developed to guide this functionality. (Artz, Salkowitz, 2007). Standards with compliance for patient information data sharing among different agencies, and back-up systems in the event of system failure and crisis are also among the concerns for globalizing Information Systems. Action Research Action research is a collaborative approach to research that provides people with the means to take systematic action in an apparent movement to resolve specific pr oblems.Action research focuses on methods and techniques of investigation that take into account the study populations history, culture, interactive activities and emotional lives. Although action research makes use of many traditional data- convention strategies, its orientation and purpose are slightly different. The basic action research procedural routine involves four stages (1) identifying the research question (s), (2) gathering the information to answer the questions (s), (3) analyzing and interpreting the information and (4) sharing the results with the participants (Berg, 2004).Action Research is used in the field of public health to alleviate adverse conditions in communities by addressing the determinants of health, community-wide interventions, and health promotion. Indeed, action research is less a methodology and more a set of guidelines for the intentions of the police detective and collaborators, interweaving theory and action and the function of the research know ledge.There are many subtle variations and iterations of action research, but a gross distinction could be made between action research that is conducted by a researcher implementing an intervention at a community level for the dual purposes of change and knowledge outcomes versus community based participatory action research where those affected by the change and other important stakeholders participate in all stages of the research from design, implementation, and data gathering to analysis.Participatory action research approaches often have the additional goal of promoting critical consciousness where through cyclical stages of dialogue participants attain a greater understanding of their situation, which in turn may result in political or major social change (Mullett, Fletcher, 20). Critics of Participatory Action Research (PAR) have questioned whether the reality of participatory research is ideal for promoting a salubrious community.The lecture of participation in health pro motion research, and the inattention to gender, social and cultural (as in the use of universal terms like the oppressed) differences in participation in research processes do not al vogues comport with the outcome values of PAR. Further, while participatory approaches can stimulate capacity building and community development, they can also bring unequal players to an uneven table to participate in difficult pre goaded decision making (Minkler, 2000).Action research also called participatory research is an alternative philosophy of social research. Three particular attributes are often used to distinguish participatory research from conventional research divided ownership of research projects, community-based analysis of social problems, and an orientation toward community action. Critical action research expresses a commitment to bring together broad social analysisthe self-reflective collective self-study of practice, the way in which language is used, organization and power in a local situation, and action to improve things.Critical action research is strongly represented in the literatures of educational action research, and there it emerges from dissatisfactions with classroom action research that typically does not take a broad view of the role of the relationship between education and social change. Critical action research has attempted to take account of disadvantage attributable to gender and ethnicity as well as to social class in its initial point of reference (Kimmis, McTaggart, 2007). Examples of Action Research Lau and Hayward (1997) used an action research approach in a study to explore the structure of Internet-based collaborative work groups.Over a two-year period, the researchers participated as facilitators in three action research cycles of problem-solving among approximately 15 instructors and project staff, and 25 health professionals from various regions striving to make a transition to a more community-based health program. The aim w as to explore how Internet-based communications would influence their exploitation into a virtual collaborative workgroup. The first phase was taken up with defining expectations, providing the technology and developing the customized workgroup system.The next phase saw the full deployment of the system, and the principal(prenominal) lesson learned was that the steepness of the learning curve was severely underestimated, with frustrations only minimally satisfied by a great deal of technical support provided by telephone. The final cycle saw the stabilization of the system and the emergence of the virtual groups. The interpretations of the study suggest that role clarity, relationship building, information sharing, resource support, and experiential learning are important aspects in virtual group development.There was also a sense that more research was needed on how group support systems can help groups interact with their external environment, as well as on how to enhance the pr ocess of learning by group members. Comstock and Fox (1995) have create verbally about their experiences in integrating computer conferencing into a learning community for mid-career working adults attending a Graduate Management Program at Antioch University in Seattle. Their findings relate to establishing boundaries to interaction, creating a caring community, and building collaborative learning.Students were expected to use the system for collaborative learning using three forms of conversation dialogue, discussion and critical reflection. Dialogues were enjoined as a result of attempts to relate classroom lessons to personal situations at work, with a better understanding provided by multiple opinions. Discussions, distinguished by the goal of making a group decision or taking an action, unavoidable a fair degree of moderation, insofar as participants found it difficult to create closure.The process of reflecting critically on ideas was also difficult participants rarely t ook the time to analyze postings, preferring a more immediate, and more superficial, conversational style. The authors conclude with four recommendations 1) be clear about the purpose of the computer conference and expectations for use 2) develop incentives for general and continuous participation 3) pay attention to affects of the software on the way the system is used for learning and 4) teach members of the community how to translate face-to-face collaborative processes to the on-line environment (Reason, & Bradbury, 2001).Action Research Proposal The Affordable Care Act calls for a greater reliance on the internet as a means of communicating health and coverage information, yet variations in the current usage of the internet by some populations have important implications for implementation. Based on the results of The Washington Post, the Kaiser Family Foundation, and Harvard University Race and RecessionSurvey(2011),six in 10 adults overall plead they have ever used the Inte rnet to inlet health information, and access differs by race andincome.Forty-three percent of Hispanics report having ever used the Internet to access health information, while 56 percent of blacks and 65 percent of whites report doing so. The differences are even more striking among those with lower incomes. Just three in ten Hispanics with incomes under $40,000 say they have ever used the Internet to access health information, compared with 44 percent of blacks and half of whites with similar incomes. More than 70 000 websites disseminate health information in excess of 50 million people seek health information online, with likely consequences for the health care system.The Internet offers widespread access to health information, and the advantages of interactivity, information tailoring and anonymity. However, access is inequitable and use is hindered further by navigational challenges due to numerous design features (e. g. disorganization, technical language and lack of permane nce). Increasingly, critics question the quality of online health information limited research indicates that much is inaccurate. Meager information-evaluation skills add to consumers vulnerability, and reinforce the need for quality standards and widespread criteria for evaluating health information (Kline, Haynes, 2001).An action research project evaluating the effects of the information technology theory on Caucasians over a period of time would be helpful in providing evidence based research for the Information Technology Systems Theory. The research project would review a group of Caucasian males and females in the equivalent age range, the same level of computer skills and education. The focus of the research is to determine if the majority of access to healthcare was through the use of Information Technology would it create a healthier group then a group with minimal access to healthcare period.The group would be evaluated for a year. During the time frame the group would ha ve an in-person visit with a doctor once every six months except for an emergency. The visit would include a complete physical and required wellness checks. Follow-up visits would be via Skye or video-conferencing. The group would be deemed physically and mentally fit excluding family history of health issues. The group would be given a pass to a fitness center for a year to maintain their health, and would have to maintain contact with a nutritionist and their physician via the computer e-mail o a regular basis.The group would also have access to the Internet anytime they want for the evaluation time. The rest of the environmental and social aspects would be determined by each participate of the research project, meaning that each participates could be local or global as long as there is unvarying monitoring of the all of the participates. The evaluation would incorporate Action Research and Critical Action research as some instances would take into account the social economic sta tus of the participants. Given that the largest percentage of whites used the computer and there is a large portion of people that lack access to healthcare in all races.Minimizing variables, such as computer knowledge and education levels and providing all necessary tools to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Researchers would have options to focus the variable changes if there are any on the social economic condition of the individual participants. In conclusion Systems thinking involving humans require an understanding of the nature of the system and its dynamics requires and an understanding of the people involved and the interaction with each other in the applicable network of the system.Public health agencies began to recognize that information technology was a legitimate target for investment to improve their ability to perform core public health functions. Computer Information Technology has a lot to offer Public Health agencies existing data sets may be consolidated and populati on-based, including experiences negotiating data sharing agreements and memoranda of understanding. Action research approaches can stimulate capacity building and community development in designated social status groups if the focus is correctly designated. References Arzt, N. H. Salkowitz, S. M (2007), Evolution of public health information systems Enterprise-wide approaches, p4-6, 11-13, 18-22. Berg, B. L. , (2004), Qualitative research methods for the social sciences, retrieved on August 23, 2012, from http//digilib. bc. edu/reserves/sc210/piat/sc21007. pdf Chaisson, M. W. , Davidson, E. , (2004), Pushing the contextual envelope developing and diffusing IS theory for health information systems research, Elsevier Ltd. pg 157, retrieved on September 13, 2012, from http//www. butlercommonplace. org/thoughts/images/d/d0/Chiasson_et_al_2004__Info_and_Org. df Comstock, D. , Fox, S. , (1995), Computer conferencing in a learning community opportunities obstacles. http//www. seattleanti och. edu/VirtualAntioch/DRAFT7HT. HTM (14/04/1998). Kemmis, S. , McTaggart, R, (2007), Participatory action research, Communicative action and the public sphere, retrieved on September 13, 2012, from http//www. corwin. com/upm-data/21157_Chapter_10. pdf Cline, R. J. W. , & Haynes, K. M. , (2001) Consumer health information seeking on the Internet the state of the art, Oxford Journals, Volume, 16, Issue 6, pp671-692, etrieved on September 13, 2012, from http//her. oxfordjournals. org/content/16/6/671. long Lau, F. , and Hayward, F. (1997). Structuration of Internet-based collaborative work groups through action research. Retrieved on September 13, 2012 from http//search. ahfmr. ab. ca/tech_eval/gss. htm (11/4/1998). Leischow, S. J (2008), Systems thinking to improve the publics health, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, retrieved on September 9, 2012, from http//dccps. nci. nih. gov/brp/scienceteam/ajpm/SystemsThinkingImprovePublicsHealth. pdf. Mullett, J. Fletcher, S. , (2011) , Action research in public health, Oxford Index, retrieved on September 13, 2012, from http//oxfordindex. oup. com/view/10. 1093/obo/9780199756797-0018 Minkler, M. , (2000) Using participatory action research to build healthy communities, Public health reports, Focus on healthy communities. Retrieved on September 13, 2012, from http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC1308710/pdf/pubhealthrep00022-0089. pdf Reason, P. , Bradbury, H. (2001). Handbook of action research participative inquiry and practice. London SAGE. Retrieved on September 7, 2012

Lord of the Flies Analysis of Chapter 1

Lord of the Flies analysis of chapter 1 The opening character is important and effective because it sets the scene for that character, and their situation. You gouge almost predict what that character will be like in the rest of the mass by the few sentences that the author gives you. The opening character is in any case a vital piece of information, because it will make the reader want to read on. The first character that was introduced was Ralph. We can predict that he will develop important in the rest of the book because he is the first on the island, and he removes his clothes, which is the first symbol of rebellion.Ralph is introduced as being the boy with fair hair (pg 7). virtuoso of the first things Ralph does is pull up his sock which symbolizes the idea that Ralph is still civilized and acts like he is still in a sophisticated society. Ralphs father was in the army, and made it a point to say that his father was going to rescue them. When Ralph was elected as boss, it was because he was oldest, and was said to have the physique of a meat packer he may make a boxer, as far as width and heaviness of shoulders went, just now there was a mildness close his backtalk and look that proclaimed no devil (pg 10).Piggy was more of an adequate chief because he was the main idealist who spotted the conch, and the one who did most of the work. Piggy was alike the democrat of the boys, he thought things through, he was equal, rational, and had a mindset of being rescued, and not wanting to be stuck on the island. Ralph is overjoyed that there are no grownups on the island, but Piggy can envision the consequences of the pilots death, and the feature that nobody was a mature adult, and they couldnt make mature decisions.Piggy was not elected chief because of his look and probably because of his name. he was shorter than the fair boy and very fat (pg 7). Next to be introduced is Jack and his choir boys. They are introduced as aliens or beastie that appears by and by on in the book. something dark was fumbling a enormous.. Then the creature stepped from the mirage (pg 19). This sends an eerie feeling to the readers. Later on in the paragraph it talks around them stepped from the mirage on to clear sand, and they saw that the darkness wasmostly clothing (pg 19).The boys were in two parallel lines (pg 19) and dressed in black cloaks that covered them from throat to mortise-and-tenon joint that was adorned with a long silver cross, and a square black cap with a silver badge. Their leader is a boy named Jack. Jack was tall, thin, and purposeless (pg 20) with red hair that was hidden somewhat by the square black cap, and his face was crumpled and freckled, and ugly without sillinesstwo light blue eyes (pg 20). Jack is very power hungry, and arrogantly assumes that he would be the chief of the boys because he was the head boy (pg 22) of the choir, and because he could sing C sharp (pg 22).Jack is instead upset to find that Ralph was vo ted to be chief of the boys the freckles on Jacks face disappeared under(a) a blush of mortification (pg 23). Ralph put the choir boys under Jacks power, and thus began Jack and Ralphs friendship Jack and Ralph smiled at each other with shy liking (pg 23). When the boys arrive on the uninhabited island, they find themselves touch by beautiful shrubs, trees, and beaches. They soon discover that they are the only humans on the island, and there are no adults on the island. no grownups (Pg 8).This shows Ralphs immaturity, and his excitement for freedom. However, when Ralph is voted chief, he knows that he needs to gather himself, and think about what they need to survive, and be rescued. The boys (Jack, Ralph, and Simon) explore the island to find out if the place they are in is in detail an island. They begin to have fun, and enjoy themselves while their sense of wanting to be rescued is dissipating. Ever since the beginning of the book, the boys have seemed to destroy the paradis e of an island by the long scar smashed into the jungle (pg 7) and they will most likely destroy it again.The island that Golding is trying to envision is not as it seems as he uses destructive vision like decaying coconuts (pg 12), coarse grass (pg 12), and typhoon (pg 12). Golding uses a lot of symbols to demonstrate themes such as friendship, relationships, and violence throughout chapter one. The island is presented as a Garden of Eden. It has all of the prerequisite things to survive such as, fresh water, fruit, shade, trees to make shelter, and wood to make fire. The relationships between the boys are complicated during the beginning of the chapter.In the first chapter the boys mostly want to be friends, but the relationship between Piggy and Jack is instant hatred which suggests that later on in the book Jack will probably turn on Piggy first. Jack is presented as a very violent person even when Ralph and Jack first meet frustrated now and turning, or furbish up to turn, i nto anger (pg 20). When Jack fails at killing the pig, he slams his knife into a tree, and says that next time there will be no mercy (pg 31). I think Golding chose to strand the boys on an island because there are no adults.There are no rules, no boundaries to what they were allowed to do, no guidance, no civilization, no society. Golding presents the island roughly boat make (pg 31). I think he did this to meet the boys going into a state of savagery, and the boys civilization going backwards. I also think he said this to represent the boys decreased chances of being rescued. The boat that they should be rescued in is slowly floating farther and farther away. I believe that the first chapter of any book provides insight to what will happen in the rest of the book.The chapter one title The Sound of the Shell foreshadows the fact that the conch is the only adult figure in the book, the fact that the sound of the conch gives everybody a sense of order and uniformity. Some of the th emes that appear in chapter one, are often found in our everyday lives and it gives the reader an impression about what will happen in the rest of the book. After finishing chapter one, I am left with the sense of predicting what will happen to the boys, and if they will be rescued.

Reearch Paper

Re quartz Estopace, Edgie1, Polintan, Clarisse K. Professor Edgie Estopace, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology Clarisse Polintan, CHM145L/A21, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology ABSTRACT This examine is all about identifying the appropriate dissolving agent for recrystallization and technique and to use the recrystallization technique in purifying a solid sample. Most organic substances argon debased and require techniques in order to purify a sample. One of these techniques to make an polluted sample pure is by recrystallization.This sample includes the determination of a intimately solution for recrystallization for rises such as acetanilide, acetamide, aspirin, benzoic acid, naphthalene, and sucrose, for solvents such as water, ethanol, benzene, and ethyl acetate rayon. Also pure acetanilide is achieved. here are five major move in the recrystallization process dissolving the solute in the solvent, performing a gravity filtration, if necessary, obtaining crystals of the solute, collecting the solute crystals by vacuum filtration, and, finally, drying the resulting crystals giving us the pure sample of the compound.The better solvent used for each of the compounds listed and the fortune recovery of the crude acetanilide. The physical properties of the compound were also pertinacious. INTRODUCTION Differential solubility is defined as the differences in the standard of solid that can be dissolved in an appropriate solvent as affected by variations in temperature. Solubility is inversely comparative to its temperature, since most solids have solubilities that are beginninger in liquid solvents at natural depression temperatures.Feature Article Relative RatesFree-Radical BrominationDifferences in solubilities are sometimes used in the process of obtaining pure compounds by dissolving the solid in raging solvent and allow the undissolv ed impurities to be filtered off. The filtrate would wherefore be cooled down and recrystallized as a purer compound. There should be differences in the solubilities of the solid and the impurities in order for the recrystallization to be effective. Recrystallization only works when the proper solvent is being used.The appropriate recrystallization solvent should dissolve the entire compound at high temperature, dissolver very little or none of the compound at low temperature, have different solubilities for the compound and the impurities, have a simmering point below the melting point of the compound, have relatively low boiling point, be inert with respect to the compound, and be relatively inexpensive. MATERIALS AND METHODS The first part of the experiment required the students figure out which solvent is appropriate for recrystallization technique. Approximately 0. 10 grams of acetamide was weighed and placed inside a try out tube.The acetamide was then dissolved in two mill ilitres of cold water. The solubility behaviour was then observed. If the acetamide did not dissolve, the garland was then boiled and its solubility behaviour was again observed. These steps were then repeated but with cold ethanol, benzene, and ethyl acetate as the solvent instead of water. The above procedures were repeated, however, the students used different solutes this time for observation. The compounds used next were acetanilide, aspirin, benzoic acid, naphthalene, and sucrose, followed by the recording of data.The second part of the experiment tackled the recrystallization process using impure acetanilide and water as a solvent to obtain a pure sample of acetanilide. This part used the white-hot gravitation Filtration Set-up first, followed by the Vacuum Filtration Set-up. The igneous gloom Filtration Set-up included the following apparatuses a stemmed funnel, a fluted ashless filter paper, an Erlenmeyer flask, a hot water tubful, and a hot plate. The Vacuum Filtra tion Set-up included water suction, rubber tubing, a 500ml Erlenmeyer flask, a rubber stopper and a porcelain Buchner funnel.Other apparatuses used include the Thomas-Hoover Melting Apparatus, micro test tubes, a test tube rack, capillary tubes, a beaker, and an oven. First, approximately 100 mL of water was heated and approximately 3. 50 grams of crude acetanilide was weighed. The impure acetanilide was then dissolved in 30 mL of water using 150-ml beaker. The mixture was slightly boiled using a hot plate. When the mixture started to boil, 2-ml portions of the previously heated water was added until the white solid had dissolved. A temperature of 90 C was maintained. The total volume of the water used was then recorded.A small amount of activated carbon was then added. Using the hot gravity filtration tog up, the solution was poured into the fluted filter paper that was in the stemless glass funnel. The filtrate should then be colourless, if not more activated carbon was added and the filtration process was repeated. The flask was then removed from the hot plate and the residue was discarded. FIGURE 1. Hot Gravity Filtration Setup FIGURE 2. Fluted Filter paper The colorless filtrate was then cooled down to room temperature, placed in an ice bath, and was stirred continuously until crystallization was complete.This took about ton to fifteen minutes. When the crystallization was complete, the solution was vacuum filtered and then the crystals were washed in 2 mL of cold water. The crystals were then dried and weighed. The percentage recovery was then computed for and the melting point of the purifying crystals was determined using the Thomas Hoover Melting Apparatus. FIGURE 3. Vacuum Filtration Setup RESULTS Table I. weft of Solvent (S=Soluble , I=Insoluble) Compound Water Ethanol Benzene Ethyl Acetate Cold Hot Cold Hot Cold Hot Cold Hot ethanamide S S S S I S S S Acetanilide I S S S I S S SAspirin I S S S I S S S benzoic Acid I S S S S S S S Naphthalene I S I S S S S S Sucrose S S I S I I S S Compound Solvent Appropriate for Recrystallization Acetamide Benzene Acetanilide Water Aspirin Benzene Benzoic Acid Water Naphthalene Water Sucrose Ethanol Table 1. 1 Table 1. 2 Table 2. Recrystallization of Impure Acetanilide Weight of crude acetanilide in grams 3. 53 g Weight of the filter paper in grams 1. 23 g Weight of the pure acetanilide in grams 0. 79 g Volume of water used in mL 62 mL Melting rase of pure acetanilide in 130-190 Percentage Recovery 29. 63 % Step Observation Boiling of crude acetanilide It boiled slowly and the boiling started at 90 C. White substance boiled as water was added black substance remained Addition of activated carbon Impurities in water were absorbed. Hot Gravity Filtration Black substance was left on the filter paper and the white liquid went down and was separated from the black substance. Cooling in an ice bath Dissolved acetanilide formed white crystals. Vacuum Filtration The acetanilide was filtrat ed and what was left on the filter was the crystals. DISCUSSION In the experiment, all six of the seven criteria were vividly exhibited. The fist criterion states that the solvent should dissolve all of the compounds at high temperature. The second criterion is that the solvent should dissolve very little, or none of the compound at low temperatures. The third criterion is that the solvent should have different solubility with the impurities and the compound. The fourth and fifth criterion states that the solvent should have a low boiling point and that it should be lower than the melting point of the compound.The last criterion acquired from the experiment is that the solvent should be inert. In the first part of the experiment, we determined the most appropriate solvent for recrystallization of the compounds by checking whether the compound is insoluble in a cold solvent, and soluble when dipped in hot water bath. The results in Table 1. 2 are based on the data of Tables 1. 1, we chose such solvents because the compounds did not dissolve in the solvent at a low temperature, and it did at high temperature.Using an appropriate solvent for recrystallization is necessary because it can save you time, money and other materials. Time because you are already sure that the solvent would be refuge to use in dissolving the compound at certain temperatures, you wouldnt need to experiment anymore. For the second part of the experiment, the recrystallization of impure acetanilide, we were conducted to separate the impurities of the acetanilide by using the recrystallization process and by using water as the agent or the solvent for recrystallization.During recrystallization, minimum amount of solvent is used to dissolve the solute. This is outstanding because if the amount of solvent exceeded the volume needed to dissolve the solute, recrystallization would not be possible anymore. A fluted filter paper was used in the hot filtration set up because it has a larger surf ace area to catch the solid impurities, making it easier and more effective to separate the residues from the filtrate in the process.A stemless funnel was used during the hot filtration set up because unlike a regular funnel, the stem where the filtrate would pass could recrystallize the solid immediately within its stem. If the funnel were stemless the filtrate would go straight down to the flask without crystalizing and compounds. The solution was not placed in an ice cold bath immediately after the hot filtration because the flask big businessman have broke due to a drop in temperature. Vacuum filtration is used during the cold filtration step because it is asier to filter out the glace solid from the liquid since cold temperatures would already recrystallize the solid compounds. The cold crystals are washed with water to remove any impurities that are in the crystals. The main act upon of the activated carbon was to absorb any impurities in the water without reacting with it . Cooling the filtrate on an ice bath makes the recrystallization process faster because of the relatively low temperature. Based on the results on table 2, the percentage recovery was 29. 3%, which seems fairly low since 70. 37% of the crude acetanilide is impurities. Human error might have caused it to be that low and maybe some crystals might have been left in the apparatus such as flasks. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This experiment proves that the characteristics of choosing an ideal solvent for recrystallization are reliable and important. In the first part of the experiment, which had an objective of identifying the appropriate solvent for the recrystallization technique was achieved.The second objective, which was to use the recrystallization technique in purifying a solid sample, was also achieved. I would like to recommend that future researchers experiment on other solutes and solvents, preferably common ones in order to determine which solvents are most appropriate fo r recrystallization. An understanding of these compounds can be better obtained. REFERENCES 1. Baluyut, J. Y. G. , and De Castro, K. A. , Organic Chemistry Laboratory Manual For Chemistry Students Part1. 2. Klein, D. , (2011) Organic Chemistry, 1st Ed. , Cold fall in States of America

The Negative Effects of Divorce on Children

So many persons think divorcement a panacea for every ill, find out, when they try it, that the remedy is worsened than the affection (Qtd in Harper 192). Divorce in any situation tears a claw apart, tossing them from bingle house to a nonher, limiting the time spent with their conjures, and puzzling them. There arent very many reasons that would show to be more beneficial for the cite to leave than to stay and keep their marriage. Usually its better for the children if their parents work with their differences rather than get a divorce. To anyone, divorce is a horrible word.There is no way to make the word sound better or make it little painful. According to the Websters Dictionary, divorce is the legal dissolution of marriage or the termination of an existing relationship or union (Websters 370). This definition makes it count formal and doesnt show the feeling that people have when the word is mentioned. To most children, divorce is much more than a legal dissolution it is their whole worldly concern being torn apart and thrown on the ground in pieces. One of the biggest problems that divorce imposes on children is the decision of who they should live with.Usually parents divorce when children are tenuous and the children have no say in where they go. Since the child quartert choose, this usually leads to cargo deck battles that end in split custody or joint custody. whatever the choice turns out to be, either one of them pull up stakes be detrimental to the child. When split custody is decided, it forces either the child or the court to choose which parent to live with and which one is in the childs best interest. It limits the time the child spends with both parenta. When the child only lives with one parent, the relationship with the other parent can be severely damaged.According to the National Survey of Children, close to half of all children with divorced parents have non seen their nonresidential parent in the past year, and only one in six had weekly contact (Whitehead 2). Since the children dont see both their parents often, the parent that the child lives is usually thought of as strict and no fun because that parent is always in that respect and is always responsible for disciplining the child. This can damage and cause social problems with the child. The nonresidential parent is usually viewed as the fun, arouse one that the child wants to be with.This parent usually tries to give the child presents, and money almost like they are using it in an attempt to bargain the childs love. The child doesnt usually feel the love and security of having a close family, since they are constantly moving from house to house. Because of the constant movement, the child doesnt usually receive quality time from either parent, and it makes it more difficult to feel loved. Joint custody, on the other hand, proves to be even less flourishing (Zinmeister 29). This type of custody is now allowed in half of the states in the US, although, joint custody is very unusual because of the extreme complications.In California, where divorce is more common than anyplace else, only eighteen percent of divorced couples have joint custody. Even when the divorced parents maintain regular contact with their children, truly cooperative child upbringing is rare (Zinmeister 29). Research shows, that the parents have no communication or mutual reinforcement this usually leads to very unhealthy relationships with their children. Joint custody is even worse on a child because there is even more movement involved. With split custody, the child goes to the nonresidential parents house on a certain schedule.In joint custody, however, the child is constantly moves back and forth between houses, causing an even larger lack of time between parent and their child. The custody battle can be damaging, but the divorce of a childs parents can also confuse the child, suggesting that it is better for parents to stay together. The child d oes not really know what commitment really means. Since these children see their parents breaking vows without a second thought, they start to think that whats right for the parents must be the right topic for them to do too.Children are basically shown that they dont have to work out their problems as long as they can run away. This is one reason that today, when someone makes a promise, there is really no promise of whether it will happen or not. According to The Effects of Divorce on Children, an article written by J. Lynn Rhodes, issue adults whose parents have divorced previously are likely to have social problems and trouble forming and maintaining intimate relationships (Effects 1). The value of a persons word has lessened.Partly because of toughened examples parents are setting for their children when they get a divorce. Generally, its better for children to suffer a bad marriage than to cope with divorce. According to University of Michigan psychologist and divorce exper t Neil Kalter, the sorrow of an unhappy marriage is less significant than the changes after a divorce. The children would rather their parents keep fighting and not get divorced (Marriage 64). Although it doesnt seem logical, it shows that children want their parents to be together no matter what the cost.The alternative to most divorces is not life in a war zone (Zinmeister 30). In the most of the number of divorces there is no problem or issue that could ruin a persons childhood. These divorces almost always make the child worse off and wee-wee many unnecessary problems for the child. If parents would concentrate unverbalizeder on working their problems out rather than their own personal happiness, the children would be better off. Divorce, however, isnt always a terrible thing. In a few situations it is for the best.The two situations that can prove beneficial for a person to get a divorce are abusive relationships and adultery. When one parent is abusive, whether verbal, phys ical, or sexual, to the children, it is more beneficial to the child if the parent leaves (Huffman 4). Also, if one parent is physically abusing the other, the marriage should be ended. If a child watches their parent get shell their entire life, they could think that its okay to act that way to other people or they can begin to hate the parent for staying.Also, when a spouse is committing adultery, divorce is definitly an option. When one spouse is faced with the affairs and still wont stop having them, the Bible gives the option of divorce. In Matthew 198-9 it says, Moses permitted you to divorce your wives because your hearts were hard. But it was not this way from the base. I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for marital unfaithfulness, and marries another woman commits adultery (Huffman 9). Even under these ircumstances, Jesus permitted divorce, but he didnt encourage it. It in general shows to be more beneficial for a child if their parents stay in an imper fect marriage rather than getting a divorce. The things that are involved with a divorce severely damage a child. The child lacks a sense of belonging and becomes very confused. Therefore, when a person gets married, they need to think long and hard to make sure that it is the right choice for them and for possible children that they may have one day.The person needs to make sure that they dont settle for the person they can live with they need to wait for the person that they cannot live without. As Jesus says in Mark 105-9 It was because your hearts were hard that Moses wrote you this law. But at the beginning of creation God made them male and female. For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh. So they are no longer two but one. Therefore what God hath joined together, let no man edit asunder (Huffman 1).Works CitedHarper Book of American Quotations, New York, Harper and Row, 1988, p.192.Huffman, John. The Raw Reality of Divorce. Http//www.christiandigest.com/divorce.html. (19 November 1998).Marriage and Divorce, California, Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1997, p.64.Rhodes, J. Lynn. The Effects of Divorce on Children. http//www.lrhodes.com/divorce.html. 1997.Through the eye of a child. Http//www.divorceonline.com (20 November 1998).Websters Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, Massachusetts, Merriam-Webster, Inc., 1984, p.370.Whitehead, Barbara. Coming Apart. http//www.divorceonline.com (20 November 1998).Zinmeister, Karl. Divorces Toll on Children. Current Magazine, April 1997 29-30.

Online classes vs Traditional classes Essay

Online classes and traditional classes are both great ship female genital organal to receive an education. They both strive for the alike(p) purpose, which is to help students r apiece their goals during college. Although both online and traditional classes are great, they do differ in some ways. The quaternion major differences between these classes are, interaction between students and professors, convenience, the learning process, and the cost. The student/teacher interaction plays an important fictitious character between these two class settings. savants in a traditional class setting have the abilit7y to take care to the instructor, talk about lessons, ask any questions that they may have, as well as take fracture and watch any demonstrations. In a traditional class, students are adequate to communicate with peers and professors before and after(prenominal) class, regarding any assignments, concerns, or grades. Online students typically communicate with instructors by dint of emails or phone. Teachers may also be able to explain things damp face to face, rather than through emails or over the phone.So students may not get the complete explanation this way. Also, in the case of any questions, the professor and peers wont be readily available to provide feedback on the spot, though effective professors will drag themselves available through a variety of methods, which includes online office hours. Taking classes online typically allow students to work asynchronously, which means they plunder hold where and when they complete their coursework. This is often ideal for students who work or single parents who needs a flexible schedule.Online classes posterior also be a great approach to a college percentage point, for as long as a computer and internet access is available, course work digest be accessed from anywhere (Sorensen,2007). Though, students who struggle to be self-motivated may find that they can quickly fall behind. Traditional class settings are quite different. They gestate physical presence, where you physically go to school a few times a week. Many make attendance mandatory and grades can suffer if class is missed. Students in a traditional class populate receive regular communication about class assignments, as well as direct operating instructions from the professors.The learning process online is to a greater extent self driven than face to face. Online students need a higher degree of personal responsibility and discipline. If students can keep effective schedules, meet deadlines consistently, and know the basics of using a computer, than they may have success online. Those who need a more personal contact with professors and a more structured environment, may consider a traditional class room setting. Getting the most determine for a dollar is important, so shopping around for a program that fits the budget is essential.Online programs, aside from the tractableness they offer, generally speaking, ar e more affordable than traditional classes (Sorensen,2007). Many even offer convenient defrayment plans in order to help make online classes more affordable. Even at a lower cost, it can still be difficult for some students to pay for college looking into various forms of financial aid can help alleviate some of that burden. Check in with different schools to see if they offer grants, loans, work debate programs, scholarships, or any other forms of aid. Simply fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, (FAFSA).In the world today, nothing is more confusing than choosing a education. Considering there are different ways to access a higher education, it is clear to see and understand options of traditional and online programs. Knowing this information can certainly help students decide which method best meets the needs and individual situation. Looking at the benefits that each option has to offer can help guide you into making the right decision. Even though obtaining a t raditional education can be beneficial, the flexibility, environment, and length of the class can make online a better decision.

Jury Nullification Paper Essay

Jury nullification is defined as when juries believe a case is unjust or wrong and may set free a defendant who violated the faithfulness. Jury nullification has been an pickaxe of a control panel in the United States. In the legal frame that we use today, jurors have the post to give a non-guilty verdict change surface when the evidence clearly shows that the defendant is guilty. In cases like this, the jurors specify that the certain laws should non be applied to the particular case or that the laws are unjust for the case. In other cases the jurors may believe that the laws are certainly bias against the defendant to begin with. The 14th amendment in our Constitution promises that every persons no matter race, sex, or religion are allowed due process and refer protection from the law. Today society find it vital to question to what extent a jury may take these laws and make them their own. In this paper it will explain whether ethnicity influences courtroom proceedings and judicial practices, add up the arguments for and against ethnicity- base jury nullification, include contemporary examples of ethnicity-based jury nullification and last but not least cease by choosing a position for or against ethnicity-based jury nullification and defend your decision.A debate that has been personnel casualty on for some time has always been race-based jury nullification. Jury nullification does have some intelligent point in which it benefits the criminal jurist system as it allows the jury to interpret the law and acquire up with an agreement based on their beliefs. There are reports and statistics that prove discrimination is alive and that a persons race does affect the length and severity of the punishment assigned to him or her. Racial- based nullification stack be beneficial in addressing the unfair issues in the criminal referee system. According to the article, Race found Jury Nullification, it indicated that Jury nullification occurs when a c riminal- trial jury refuses to convict a defendant condescension proof of guilt because the jurors believe the law is unjust or is being unjustly applied (Rivera). When this method acting is applied and used in an honest manner, it could possibly to help even out the playing palm for racial based jury nullification for minorities in the courtroom when it is time for sentencing based on the law rather than on race. M both of the candidates picked to be a part of the jury knows about jury nullification.anyplace in the world a jury just like a judge can overthrow a criminal case. Based on race many of these cases arenullified even though the evidence proves guilt. For example OJ Simpsons case proved that he was guilty but since the Rodney King incident occurred preceding too, he was nullified by the jury. Often times it is not supported because it allows a biased legal opinion to be formed not based on guilt of the person but based on race. Majority of the times setting criminals free to commit the same crimes again. Being acquitted of all charges is normally how jury nullifications occur. Many believe that racial nullification should be possible for those that have committed non-violent crimes even if the evidence shows that the person is in fact guilty. The contribution to the criminal justice system is that this would allow the prison house system to have more space for those that commit more violent crimes regardless of their race.As we key out jury nullification can either be beneficial or it can truly destroy the criminal justice system. Courtrooms need to recognize that there needs to be no biases within the system or people need to be blindfolded before being a part of a case. There needs to be a model set forth in regards to the influence that justice should outweigh any feelings in regards to race and one should serve time for the crime that they was convicted of. African American, or Hispanic or minorities races apply society ought to come close to their effort and be aware of its sustenance nature and their choice to practice their authority in benefit of their area. In all these cases, the juror should be educated through his or her viewpoint of what is just and unjust. An opinion paper mentioned that all Black Americans should refer in race- based jury nullification and that to do so would bring about changes in how the justice system handled minority cases, (Jemal, 1997). Other valid points are made by Jemel, supporting his belief in race-based jury nullification by stating The system is designed to put blacks in jail for largely stinting crimes while letting child molesters, rapist and murderers go free (1997).After doing all the necessary research, I stand to say that I am against race based nullification. As stated the juror knows what the defendant has done and yet still allows him or her to be acquitted of the crimes because they feel bad for them or the about used their race. These are biased reasons that shou ld not be used when a person is involved with a criminal case. Race nullification either helps or hinders the system and we are always fighting for a better system. The 14th Amendment helps supports my stance by statingthat All persons receive a fair trial by their peers and that can have no effect at all on the decisions made by the jury.The jury is also sworn into the court by swearing on a Bible that they will not only take into consideration the evidence presented by both parties and that they will not allow for any personal feelings or personal bias to get in the way of their vote. Upon reading this paper it come through detailed information about the influence that ethnicity had on courtroom proceeds and judicial practices, the arguments that were for and against race based nullification with contemporary examples. Where I stand on this subject is evident based on my solution and I am a firm believer in equality for all. Racism comes in all forms as we can see.

College Essay Essay

wizard of the greatest challenges i believe that our generation will face is finishing high drill, going to college and acquiring a job. One of the tenabilitys that most pueriles wont finish high school is because alot of them are often companion pressured into doing things that will delay or pr hithertot them from finishing such as getting pregnant, getting caught up in gangs and drugs. A nonher reason that teens may not finish high school is because they may not get required services that they need in order for them to do well or even understand the content of the work.Also teens may go to schools that are poorly funded by the state so they may not be able to get the supplies and books that they need for the classes. The school may also be a failing school and it may shut down before students get a retrieve to graduate and the students may not bother trying to numerate for another school. Teens can also be discouraged from finishing high school because of things that may be happening in school. Some concourse may have a hard time making friends which can make them lonely and not want to go to school or they may be a victim of bullying by others which may cause them to drop issue.Going to college may be a challenge for our generation for some(prenominal) diffrent reasons. One reason that teens may not go to college is because of the planetary house that they come from. The people in their household may not have went to college so it might give the teen the mindset that if they didnt go then i shouldnt have to go. Another reason may be the type of approximation they stick up in. They may live in a more urban neighborhood where people that live there or were raised there arent expected to go to college. It may make the teen skeptical to want to go because of what people may say about them if they do.A big reason is that the person may be indecisive as to what they want to do as a career. The major reason that most teens dont go to college is that even though they were accepted for financial aid they still may not be able to afford school. Getting a job may be ambitious for our generation because majority of the teens applying for these jobs dont even have the bare minimum requirement which is a high school diploma because they never finished high school. Another reason is that after they finish college and get their academic degree they may not be able to get a job in their choice force field of career.They may also only have an associates degree which may not be enough college facts of life for that particular job. Another reason is the rate of unemployment. Many people are getting laid shoot because the company they work for doesnt have enough funds to pay them. If the companies dont have enough money to pay their best and most experienced workers how can they subsidize a teen. The major reason that they chamfer get a job is because most teenagers are lazy and dont want to get up and look for a job. They expect ever ything to be handed to them or they opt to take the easy way out and sell drugs or their bodies.

Child Pornography: Canada vs. Japan Essay

We think that minor smut, in any form, promotes values and sends the message that it is OK to versedly abuse squirtren. It helps paedophiles to justify their ideas or behaviour and it desensitizes society as a whole. ( 1995. John Carr, a United Kingdom government adviser. ) The classification of sexual exploration , the governments righteousnesss, and landmark cases on the whole do work a part in how the people perceive shaver pornography. lacquer is one of the worlds biggest suppliers of shaver pornography and the second biggest consumer after the U.S. (Justin McCurry, Japan to crook Possession of nestling Porn, GUARDIAN, Mar. 10,2008) In Japan they have a very lose definition of child pornography where as in Canada it is firm and unbending. There atomic number 18 many different types of sexual maturation in Japan involving minors, some are con placered il effective and wrong but most comply with the awkwards equitys. Adult anime or Hentai is one of the most popular forms of pornography in Japan. It is in a cartoon format and can therefore show graphic sexual activities without being caseful to the same laws as live films. They feature mainly young school girlfriends or boys and are non considered child porn. Since it is not classified as il good anime pushes many boundaries that movies could not.Hentai commonly involves rape(Goukan Purei Rape play) , bondage( Broken Dolls), and Lolicon with involves sexual encounters with prepubescent girls. There are video games based on these fantasies called bishjo games or fair girl games. Many Asian cultures have an obsession with child like women. Women show in all media are small and frail, helpless and have very high voices. This shows a value message in Japan, that women are meant to seem young and child like and innocent . In Canada there is a buckram definition of pornography written in the Code. It includes all material computer generated or actors. It can be defined depicting or promoting se xual abuse of a child, a sexual act or the genital organs of children. It exists in three main forms, visual, audio and text. Canada is very intolerant of it and has strict laws in place to prevent the production, distribution, and obstinance of child fully grown materials.Under article 175 in the deplorable Code , Japanese laws states that it is illegal to sell, display to the public, and distribute child pornographic material. Child pornography was outlaw in Japan in 1998 by the Act on Punishment of Activities Relating to Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. The enforcement of this act began in 1999 and it was first amended in 2003. Films and pictures depicting sexual organs are against the law but companys have plunge ways around it that are perfectly legal and just as inappropriate. The body parts are merely made fuzzy and according to the law may be sold to the public. Many of the Japanese politicians appear to be indifferent to this issue unfortunately.They opine th at it would contravene with the fundamental freedom of speech and expression. The Japanese have historically be lax on this subject in 1996 it was brought before the UN conference in Sweden. The public began to put heavy pressure on Japan to reform their laws and the government was forced to act. Despite the law stating that the sale, display, and distribution of the pornography is illegal the possession of it is not. In 2008 the government begin a campaign to amend the act to pronounce the possession of child pornographic items illegal as well. This change was spearheaded by former American ambassador to Japan, J. Thomas Schieffer and the vizor is waiting at the Japanese parliament ( Diet) since 2009.While the government in Japan struggles to control the polemical media with new eyeshades and enforcement of the laws Canada is very sure of its position in this matter. The Canadian Criminal Code includes child pornographic material downstairs Part 5 Sexual Offences, Public Moral s and Disorderly Conduct Offences lean to Corrupt Morals. Section 163 of the Code describes child porn as a visual representation, whether or not it was made by electronic or mechanical means, that shows a somebody who is or is portrayed as being under the age of eighteen years and is engaged in or is represent as engaged in explicit sexual activity, or the dominant characteristic of which is the depiction, for a sexual purpose, of a sexual organ or the anal region of a person under the age of eighteen years. ( C-64. Canadian Criminal Code. Section 163.1) Canadian government has recently introduced a bill to crack down on child porn on the internet, if passed it would become on of the only countries in the world to restrict access to child porn online. This bill includes accessing, creating, and selling the material and would carry a possible 5 year prison sentence.Japan is the official child pornography capital of the world. It produces around four fifths of all the films, book s, and magazines that are distributed worldwide. The Japanese National Police recently composed a subject field showing that there was a dramatic rise in criminal cases last year touch child pornography. There was 1455 reported cases involving children under 18. In Canada unlike Japan, Hentai is considered a form of child pornography and can be charged in court for the possession of it. On Monday January 20th 2012. Jeffrey Bedford, 41 , was sentenced to sextette months in jail for having over 1,100 images of animated child pornography on his computer.Police confiscated his laptop and found 1,135 sexual pictures of young girls aged four to fourteen. Bedford pleaded guilty but his lawyer asked the judge to consider that the girl were electronic cartoon and not real people. Its not the situation where an actual young person is victimized, said his lawyer, Bruce Ritter. However the judge disagreed and stated that anime is the same as actually photographs and the purpose of the photos are the same. This is the problem that plagues Japan, is adult amine porn? Most people in North America would beg yes but it has been so deeply entwined in Japanese society that it is not seen as an illegal act.The personal line of credit between Japan and Canada when discussing child pornography is extremely apparent . Japan has few laws and even less that are strictly enforced while Canada abides by a solid definition and set of laws limit any contract with the taboo material. The numerous aliases of child porn , the countrys laws, and important legal cases are factors in shaping the countrys view on child pornography.Works CitedUmeda, Sayuri. Japan child pornographyChild Pornography Law Amendment discussed. Global Legal Monitor (2010). Gale source Search. Web. 1 June 2012Child porn law struck down. Canadian News Facts 1 Jan. 1999 5804. GalePower Search. Web. 1 June 2012The darker side of cuteness. The Economist US 8 May 1999 32. Gale Power Search. Web. 1 June 2012Page, Barn aby. Canada Considers Tough Online Child Porn Laws. TechWeb 16 Mar. 2001. Gale Power Search. Web. 1 June 2012Tough on child porn. Macleans 7 Dec. 2009 8. Gale Power Search. Web. 1 June 2012Outraged pureness Child pornography in Japan. The Economist US 20 Mar. 2010 55EU. Gale Power Search. Web. 1 June 2012Child-porn case goes to top court. Canadian News Facts 16 June 1999 5892. Gale Power Search. Web. 1 June 2012 http//www.therecord.com/news/local/article/663204six-month-sentence-sends-strong-message-about-animated-child-porn