Physics of Volcanoes :: physics volcano volcanic eruption

Vol pukeoes are one of natures most interesting and dangerous phenomenons. The way volcanoes operate can be understood, on a basic level, by just some simple physics and chemistry, this paper go out investigate and explain some of the basic physics that govern the behavior of volcanoes.Magma is composed of three main components * viscous silicate melt * crystals * volatiles (gases)The way that these three components interact is one of the main focuses of petrologists and volcanologists.Also, the way that these components interact is govered by some of the basic laws of physics.ViscosityIn laymans terms viscosity is a fluids resistance to flow and is important in many volcanic processes. Viscosity is delineate as the internal resistance to flow by a substance when a shear stress is applied. Many factors affect a magmas viscosity. Temperature is one of them, as a with all fluids as a the temperature increases the viscosity also increases. This example can be seen when examin ing a rhyolitic melt, when the temperature decreases from 1300C to 600C the viscosity increases by much than eight orders of magnitude. The silica content and the water content also affect a magmas viscosity. The more silica is in a magma the more viscous the magma will be due to the strong silica-oxygen bonds. When water is added to a magma it has the ability to break the silica-oxygen bonds and therfore, the viscosity decreases.RheologyRheology is the study of how materials flow and it is very important when examining volcanogenic processes. Two main types of flows can be defined laminar and turbulent. Laminar flow occurs when the motion of the particles of fluid is very orderly with all particles moving in straight lines parallel to the walls. dissolute flow occurs when the streamlines or flow patterns of a fluid are disorganized and there is an exchange of fluid between these areas. The Reynolds number (Re) can be mensural to determine whether a fluid is turbulent or laminar. When the Reynolds number is less than 10 .... it is considered laminar, when it is greater than 100 it is considered turbulent. The areas in between are defined as transitional and can go either way.Rheology and viscosity are imporatnat to volcanologists because it will determine if Magma Chambers will convect and overturn. When the Rayleighs and Reynolds numbers are high liberal it is possible for these chambers to over turn which can lead to volcanic eruptions.